Trans-splicing of pre-mRNA in plants, animals, and protists.

Bonen, Linda

doi:10.1096/fasebj.7.1.8422973

Cited by 163 publications

(123 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Such a change may not have required any prior specialization of the properties of the intron: studies of group II splicing in vitro show that artificially split introns can reassociate and that deletions of specific structural regions can be complemented by supplying the deleted portion in trans (Hetzer et al 1997;Jarrell et al 1988). This in vitro observation is paralleled in vivo by the observation that some plant organelle genes are split, within their group II introns, into separately transcribed upstream and downstream fragments that associate to complete the splicing reaction (Bonen 1993). To the extent that splitting of the intron can occur with little disruption of splicing, split rearrangements may be neutral alleles capable of drifting to fixation.…”

Section: Fragmentation Of a Catalytic Intron Into Transacting Snrnasmentioning

confidence: 95%

On the Possibility of Constructive Neutral Evolution

1999

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Abstract. The neutral theory often is presented as a theory of "noise" or silent changes at an isolated "molecular level," relevant to marking the steady pace of divergence, but not to the origin of biological structure, function, or complexity. Nevertheless, precisely these issues can be addressed in neutral models, such as those elaborated here with regard to scrambled ciliate genes, gRNA-mediated RNA editing, the transition from selfsplicing to spliceosomal splicing, and the retention of duplicate genes. All of these are instances of a more general scheme of "constructive neutral evolution" that invokes biased variation, epistatic interactions, and excess capacities to account for a complex series of steps giving rise to novel structures or operations. The directional and constructive outcomes of these models are due not to neutral allele fixations per se, but to these other factors. Neutral models of this type may help to clarify the poorly understood role of nonselective factors in evolutionary innovation and directionality.

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Section: Fragmentation Of a Catalytic Intron Into Transacting Snrnasmentioning

confidence: 95%

On the Possibility of Constructive Neutral Evolution

1999

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“…7,8 However, even the most sensitive in silico search failed to detect intron-typical sequence patterns, conserved 18). In contrast, the 0.3-kb band is apparently of mitochondrial origin, because of its low concentration (not visible by staining) and high capping efficiency; it most likely represents the equivalent of human mitochondrial 7S RNA that primes mtDNA replication.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

RNA-level unscrambling of fragmented genes inDiplonemamitochondria

et al. 2013

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“…The final product is an mRNA carrying the spliced leader at the 5Ј end (1). This process has been shown to occur in a number of other organisms, such as nematodes, trematodes and Euglena, in conjunction with cissplicing, whereas in kinetoplastidae it is the only RNA processing pathway (2).…”

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confidence: 99%

The U5 RNA of trypanosomes deviates from the canonical U5 RNA: The Leptomonas collosoma U5 RNA and its coding gene

Ben-Shlomo²,

Michaeli³

1997

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Fractionation of the abundant small ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) of the trypanosomatid Leptomonas collosoma revealed the existence of a group of unidentified small RNPs that were shown to fractionate differently than the well-characterized trans-spliceosomal RNPs. One of these RNAs, an 80-nt RNA, did not possess a trimethylguanosine (TMG) cap structure but did possess a 5 phosphate terminus and an invariant consensus U5 snRNA loop 1. The gene coding for the RNA was cloned, and the coding region showed 55% sequence identity to the recently described U5 homologue of Trypanosoma brucei [Dungan, J. D., Watkins, K. P. & Agabian, N. (1996) EMBO J. 15, 4016-4029]. The L. collosoma U5 homologue exists in multiple forms of RNP complexes, a 10S monoparticle, and two subgroups of 18S particles that either contain or lack the U4 and U6 small nuclear RNAs, suggesting the existence of a U4͞U6⅐U5 tri-small nuclear RNP complex. In contrast to T. brucei U5 RNA (62 nt), the L. collosoma homologue is longer (80 nt) and possesses a second stem-loop. Like the trypanosome U3, U6, and 7SL RNA genes, a tRNA gene coding for tRNA Cys was found 98 nt upstream to the U5 gene. A potential for base pair interaction between U5 and SL RNA in the 5 splice site region (positions ؊1 and ؉1) and downstream from it is proposed. The presence of a U5-like RNA in trypanosomes suggests that the most essential small nuclear RNPs are ubiquitous for both cis-and trans-splicing, yet even among the trypanosomatids the U5 RNA is highly divergent.Trans-splicing was first discovered in trypanosomes as a novel RNA processing pathway linking a common 39-nt spliced leader (SL) to all mRNAs (1). Trans-splicing is a two-step transesterification reaction that involves two substrates, the SL RNA and a 3Ј acceptor pre-mRNA. In the reaction, the two introns derived from the SL RNA and pre-mRNA form the Y-branched intermediate, analogous to the intron lariat intermediate of cis-splicing. The final product is an mRNA carrying the spliced leader at the 5Ј end (1). This process has been shown to occur in a number of other organisms, such as nematodes, trematodes and Euglena, in conjunction with cissplicing, whereas in kinetoplastidae it is the only RNA processing pathway (2).In cis-splicing the small ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) play a dual role in juxtaposing the splice sites and in contributing part of the catalytic center (3). Like in cis-splicing, U2, U4, and U6 snRNAs have been characterized in trypanosomes and were shown to be essential for trans-splicing (4). However, despite their essential role in cis-splicing, U1 or U5 have not been identified (5). Without exception, all trypanosome small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs) have been shown to be shorter than their cis-splicing counterparts. The presence of a uniform 5Ј splice site carried on the SL RNA may have changed the requirement for U1 RNA in trans-splicing. The ability of the SL RNA to substitute for the need of U1 RNA in cis-splicing supports the idea that SL RNA may bear some of the critical functions of U1 RNP (6)....

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Trans-splicing of pre-mRNA in plants, animals, and protists.

Cited by 163 publications

References 48 publications

On the Possibility of Constructive Neutral Evolution

On the Possibility of Constructive Neutral Evolution

RNA-level unscrambling of fragmented genes inDiplonemamitochondria

The U5 RNA of trypanosomes deviates from the canonical U5 RNA: The Leptomonas collosoma U5 RNA and its coding gene

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