Based on the assumption that the human mind has some unclear dimensions and that culture can influence in a decisive way in the life of the people, the objective of this study was to analyze how the new significations of the body and the mind of the people who did plastic surgeries occur. We also sought to understand, inter disciplinarily, the teamwork among physicians, psychologists, physiotherapists and anthropologists that involves plastic surgeries, ranging from motivation, search, surgery itself, the result to new significations after surgery. In addition, this research addressed issues of gender and sexuality as well as the concept of transsexuality associated with sexual reassignment surgeries used as a tool for body and identity transformation. This thesis was a qualitative ethnographic study with field work and semi-structured interviews conducted in Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) and Barcelona (Spain). The Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (EAR) and the Human Figure Drawing (DFH) were used as data collection tools to complement participant observation and comparison with the speeches obtained in the interviews. As results, the process of the new significations of the body and the mind was divided into three moments: the preoperative phase; the surgery phase and the postoperative phase; and the final phase of the new signification. It was seen that the interdisciplinary relationship between health professionals still lacks integration, but especially when it comes to the anthropologist. In addition, the main differences of representations of the surgeries were in relation to the expectation, the price and the type of surgery. The problems related to plastic surgeries were of biological, psychological and social origin and the trajectory of a transsexual woman proved to be a social challenge that should be admired. Finally, it was seen that self-esteem and perception of body image improve after plastic surgery, but that fundamentally attitude is the main change cited. It is considered, therefore, that this research contributed in a relevant way with information that can be used in an educational way and/or as a reference material by interdisciplinary teams, by the scientific community and by society. In addition, it can clarify cultural aspects related to plastic surgery, thus avoiding prejudices, distortions and, also, informing about the importance of an anthropological interpretation about interdisciplinary work in plastic surgeries.