Trans-Imperial Anarchism: Cooperatist communalist theory and practice in imperial Japan

Abstract

This article investigates anarchist theory and practice in 1920s and 1930s imperial Japan. It deliberately focuses on concepts and interventions by a rather unknown group—the Nōson Seinen Sha—to highlight a global consciousness even among those anarchists in imperial Japan who did not become famous for their cosmopolitan adventures. Their trans-imperial anarchism emerged from a modern critique of the present and engagement with cooperatist communalist ideas and experiences in Asia, Russia, and Western Europe. Anarchists theorized and implemented new forms of living that challenged the forces of capitalism, imperialism, and increasing militarism. In doing so, they simultaneously positioned themselves against established conservative and fascist agrarianism as well as Marxist dogmatism in the socialist movement. Despite their repression by the imperial state, they offered a radical, universalist, yet pragmatic way of being in autarkic farming village communes that corresponded with similar ideas and movements worldwide.

A Political Ecology of the Body: Nature in French Anarchist Pedagogy around 1900

“…This does not mean that transnational connections and transfers are considered irrelevant. As several works have shown, anarchist ideas and practices were always embedded in transnational networks (Bantman 2017;Kramm 2021). They have also to be understood in relation to colonial and imperial ideologies, of which they were only partially critical (Deprest 2012).…”