Trans and interesterified fat and palm oil during the pregnancy and lactation period inhibit the central anorexigenic action of insulin in adult male rat offspring

Abstract

Palm oil and interesterified fat have been used to replace partially hydrogenated fats, rich in trans isomers, in processed foods. This study investigated whether the maternal consumption of normolipidic diets containing these lipids affects the insulin receptor and Akt/protein kinase B (PKB) contents in the hypothalamus and the hypophagic effect of centrally administered insulin in 3-month-old male offspring. At 90 days, the intracerebroventricular injection of insulin decreased 24-h feeding in control rats but not in the palm, interesterified or trans groups. The palm group exhibited increases in the insulin receptor content of 64 and 69 % compared to the control and trans groups, respectively. However, the quantifications of PKB did not differ significantly across groups. We conclude that the intake of trans fatty acid substitutes during the early perinatal period affects food intake regulation in response to centrally administered insulin in the young adult offspring; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear.

Trans isomeric fatty acids in human milk and their role in infant health and development

“…In pups of dams on a TFA diet during both pregnancy and lactation, there was no effect of this diet on appetite regulation, but when the newborn pups were switched from an intrauterine TFA diet to a postnatal control (TFA-free) diet, insulin-induced hypophagia disappeared, indicating that early TFA exposure may have long-term consequences on appetite regulation ( 147 ). In adult male rats on pre-and postnatal TFA-diet (including pregnancy and lactation) intracerebroventricular injection of insulin did not decrease 24-h feeding, although there was no difference in body weight compared to the control group ( 155 ). These studies underscore that early perinatal consumption of TFAs can affect food intake regulation in response to centrally administered insulin in young adult offspring, while the precise underlying mechanisms require further exploration, highlighting potential programming effects of early-life exposure to TFAs on hypothalamic feeding control mechanisms, which could result in adverse outcomes later in life.…”

“…By contrast, in a rat study, maternal TFA-diet during pregnancy significantly decreased birth weight compared to n-6 PUFA of saturated fatty acid-rich diet, but at 21 days of age, these pups had significantly higher body weight, body weight gain, and relative weight of retroperitoneal fat compared to the n-6 PUFA group ( 156 ). However, others found no effect of perinatal TFA-intake on body weight in suckled pups ( 145 , 153 , 157 ) or adult offspring ( 147 , 153 , 155 ).…”

Effect of a Diet Rich in Interesterified, Non-Interesterified and Trans Fats on Biochemical Parameters and Oxidative Status of Balb-c Mice

“…On the other hand, it was not observed for the group that received partially hydrogenated fat in the diet. Bispo et al for C57BL-6 mice also reported that interesterified fat consumption led to deregulation in the expression of proteins involved in food intake [44].…”

Early exposure to distinct sources of lipids affects differently the development and hepatic inflammatory profiles of 21-day-old rat offspring

“…Some studies did not report significant differences in the corporal parameters of offspring exposed to maternal SFA-based diets during early life. 14 , 21 , 31 – 33 However, the authors demonstrated increases in body weight and/or adipose tissue deposits in the adult offspring of dams that received high-fat (HF) diets enriched with lard during pregnancy and/or lactation. 11 , 14 , 18 Accordingly, it is difficult to interpret our results concerning the body parameters of offspring exposed to lard-based normal-fat diets during early life, as most of the available data in the field has reported the effects of SFA-based HF diets on offspring development.…”