Tranexamic Acid Cream Protects Ultraviolet B‐induced Photoaging in Balb/c Mice Skin by Increasing Mitochondrial Markers: Changes Lead to Improvement of Histological Appearance

Abstract

Tranexamic acid (TSA) is widely used as an antiaging treatment for reducing melasma and wrinkles. There are various mechanisms for wrinkle formation, and one of them is due to damage of the mitochondria. Research on mitochondria in the skin is very limited, so we are interested to see the changes that occur after application of TSA cream. We explored the effect of TSA on mitochondrial protein levels (PGC1α, Tom20, COX IV), which had affected to skin histological structure. Thirty male, 6‐week‐old, Balb/C mice were divided into five groups (negative control, positive control, TSA 3%, TSA 4% and TSA 5%). After 10 days of acclimatization, four groups of mice were exposed to UVB light, of which three groups were given TSA cream for 10 weeks. The skin tissue was excised for protein and histological studies. H&E staining was performed for evaluating histological changes in epidermal thickness and dermal elastosis. TSA treatment on the mice skin increased mitochondrial marker levels and epidermal thickness while decreasing dermal elastosis for all the treatment groups. Topical application of TSA significantly increased mitochondrial biogenesis which may cause alteration in epidermal thickness and reduced dermal elastosis in the histology of mice skin.

Tranexamic acid: Beyond antifibrinolysis

“…Eltania et al reported that treatment with TXA-containing cream increased the expression of mitochondrial markers Tom20 and COX IV in mouse skin. 72 These authors also found a TXAenhanced expression of the transcription factor PGC1a, a positive regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis. Collectively, these data demonstrate that TXA stimulates mitochondrial respiratory activity and biogenesis.…”

“…Using mesenchymal stem cells derived from mitoQC mice in which functional mitochondria and mitochondria in autophagosomes can be distinguished by their fluorescence characteristics, we found that TXA not only increased mitochondrial length but also decreased mitophagy. Eltania et al reported that treatment with TXA‐containing cream increased the expression of mitochondrial markers Tom20 and COX IV in mouse skin 72 . These authors also found a TXA‐enhanced expression of the transcription factor PGC1a, a positive regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis.…”

Robusta Extract Cream Ameliorated Ultraviolet B-induced Wrinkle Skin of Mice by the Regulation of Epidermal Thickness and Inhibition of MMP-1

“…The distance between the UV light and the skin was 3 cm. (16) During the experiment each mice were irradiated at different cage. After the irradiation, mice were returned to standard cage to get access for food and drink ad libitum.…”

Tranexamic acid inhibits melanogenesis partially via stimulation of TGF‐β1 expression in human epidermal keratinocytes

“…7 What's more, TA treatment was found to be effective in increasing mitochondrial marker levels and epidermal thickness and reducing dermal elastosis in mice. 9 TA also exhibited an ameliorated function against photoageing of the skin. 8,10 Also, it was revealed that TA could inhibit angiogenesis and melanogenesis in vitro by targeting VEGF receptors.…”

“…Furthermore, certain clinical studies have reported the overall improvement of melasma patients treated with TA, associated with the proliferation of fibroblasts 8 and the decrease in vessel numbers in the dermis 7 . What's more, TA treatment was found to be effective in increasing mitochondrial marker levels and epidermal thickness and reducing dermal elastosis in mice 9 . TA also exhibited an ameliorated function against photoageing of the skin 8,10 .…”