Tramadol Induced Jerks

Wasey, Waiz; Aziz, Imad A.; Saleh, Sharefi; Manahil, Naila; Wasey, Neha

doi:10.7759/cureus.17547

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Once EHR data has been pre-processed to tabular format, disease and comorbidity relationships could be investigated. Mining, processing and cross-transforming ICD-10 data were performed using the (v. 4.0.9) R library ( 22 ) ( https://www.rdocumentation.org/packages/icd/versions/4.0.9 ). While ICD codes are increasingly becoming useful tools in the clinical and basic research arenas, their use is not free of caveats and limitations (for a brief dicsussion of some of these in the context of current norms, please refer to the relevant paragrpahs in the discussion section).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comorbidity patterns in cardiovascular diseases: the role of life-stage and socioeconomic status

Cruz-Ávila,

Ramírez-Alatriste,

Martínez-García

et al. 2024

Front. Cardiovasc. Med.

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Cardiovascular diseases stand as a prominent global cause of mortality, their intricate origins often entwined with comorbidities and multimorbid conditions. Acknowledging the pivotal roles of age, sex, and social determinants of health in shaping the onset and progression of these diseases, our study delves into the nuanced interplay between life-stage, socioeconomic status, and comorbidity patterns within cardiovascular diseases. Leveraging data from a cross-sectional survey encompassing Mexican adults, we unearth a robust association between these variables and the prevalence of comorbidities linked to cardiovascular conditions. To foster a comprehensive understanding of multimorbidity patterns across diverse life-stages, we scrutinize an extensive dataset comprising 47,377 cases diagnosed with cardiovascular ailments at Mexico’s national reference hospital. Extracting sociodemographic details, primary diagnoses prompting hospitalization, and additional conditions identified through ICD-10 codes, we unveil subtle yet significant associations and discuss pertinent specific cases. Our results underscore a noteworthy trend: younger patients of lower socioeconomic status exhibit a heightened likelihood of cardiovascular comorbidities compared to their older counterparts with a higher socioeconomic status. By empowering clinicians to discern non-evident comorbidities, our study aims to refine therapeutic designs. These findings offer profound insights into the intricate interplay among life-stage, socioeconomic status, and comorbidity patterns within cardiovascular diseases. Armed with data-supported approaches that account for these factors, clinical practices stand to be enhanced, and public health policies informed, ultimately advancing the prevention and management of cardiovascular disease in Mexico.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Data Processing (Icd-10 Coding)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Comorbidity patterns in cardiovascular diseases: the role of life-stage and socioeconomic status

Cruz-Ávila,

Ramírez-Alatriste,

Martínez-García

et al. 2024

Front. Cardiovasc. Med.

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“…All statistical analyses were conducted using SAS version 9.4 (SAS Institute) and R version 4.1.1. Charlson comorbidity scores were calculated using the icd package . All 95% CIs and P values were based on 2-sided hypothesis tests, where P < .05 was considered statistically significant.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Charlson comorbidity scores were calculated using the icd package. 23 All 95% CIs and P values were based on 2-sided hypothesis tests, where P < .05 was considered statistically significant. The statistical analysis plan is presented in the eAppendix in Supplement 1 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Osteoarthritis in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes Treated With Metformin vs a Sulfonylurea

et al. 2023

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ImportanceMetformin may have a protective association against developing osteoarthritis (OA), but robust epidemiological data are lacking.ObjectiveTo determine the risk of OA and joint replacement in individuals with type 2 diabetes treated with metformin compared with a sulfonylurea.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis retrospective cohort study used claims data from the Optum deidentified Clinformatics Data Mart Database between December 2003 and December 2019. Participants included individuals aged 40 years or older with at least 1 year of continuous enrollment and type 2 diabetes. Individuals with type 1 diabetes or a prior diagnosis of OA, inflammatory arthritis, or joint replacement were excluded. Time-conditional propensity score matching was conducted using age, sex, race, Charlson comorbidity score, and treatment duration to create a prevalent new-user cohort. Data were analyzed from April to December 2021.ExposuresTreatment with metformin or a sulfonylurea.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe outcomes of interest were incident OA and joint replacement. Cox proportional hazard models were used to calculate adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) of incident OA and joint replacement. In a sensitivity analysis, individuals only ever treated with metformin were compared with individuals only ever treated with a sulfonylurea, allowing for longer-term follow up of the outcome (even after stopping the medication of interest).ResultsAfter time-conditional propensity score matching, the metformin and control groups each included 20 937 individuals (mean [SD] age 62.0 [11.5] years; 24 379 [58.2%] males). In the adjusted analysis, the risk of developing OA was reduced by 24% for individuals treated with metformin compared with a sulfonylurea (aHR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.68-0.85; P &lt; .001), but there was no significant difference for risk of joint replacement (aHR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.50-1.27; P = .34). In the sensitivity analysis, the risk of developing OA remained lower in individuals treated with metformin compared with a sulfonylurea (aHR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.65-0.90; P &lt; .001) and the risk of joint replacement remained not statistically significant (aHR, 1.04; 95% CI, 0.60-1.82; P = .89).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study of individuals with diabetes, metformin treatment was associated with a significant reduction in the risk of developing OA compared with sulfonylurea treatment. These results further support preclinical and observational data that suggest metformin may have a protective association against the development of OA; future interventional studies with metformin for the treatment or prevention of OA should be considered.

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“…We defined “heat-related hospitalizations” as the total number of hospitalizations among Medicare FFS beneficiaries with Clinical Classifications Software (CCS) codes of 55 (fluid and electrolyte disorders), 157 (acute and unspecified renal failure), 159 (urinary tract infections), 2 (septicemia), 244 (heat and other injuries and conditions owing to external causes), 114 (peripheral and visceral atherosclerosis), and 50 (diabetes mellitus with complications). These CCS codes were assigned from the original International Classification of Disease codes using the icd R package, 23 following the CCS algorithm. 24 We selected these CCS codes based on recent work on heat morbidity in this population.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does choice of outdoor heat metric affect heat-related epidemiologic analyses in the US Medicare population?

Spangler

Adams

et al. 2023

Environmental Epidemiology

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Background: Outdoor air temperature is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Other thermal indices theoretically confer greater physiological relevance by incorporating additional meteorological variables. However, the optimal metric for predicting excess deaths or hospitalizations owing to extreme heat among US Medicare beneficiaries remains unknown. Methods: We calculated daily maximum, minimum, and mean outdoor air temperature (T), heat index (HI), wet-bulb globe temperature (WBGT), and Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI) for populous US counties and linked estimates with daily all-cause mortality and heat-related hospitalizations among Medicare beneficiaries (2006–2016). We fit distributed-lag nonlinear models for each metric and compared relative risks (RRs) at the 99th percentile. Results: Across all heat metrics, extreme heat was statistically significantly associated with elevated risks of morbidity and mortality. Associations were more pronounced for maximum daily values versus the corresponding minimum for the same metric. The starkest example was between HImax (RR = 1.14; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.12, 1.15) and HImin (RR = 1.10; 95% CI = 1.09, 1.11) for hospitalizations. When comparing RRs across heat metrics, we found no statistically significant differences within the minimum and maximum heat values (i.e., no significant differences between Tmax/HImax/WBGTmax/UTCImax or between Tmin/HImin/WBGTmin/UTCImin). We found similar relationships across the National Climate Assessment regions. Conclusion: Among Medicare beneficiaries in populous US counties, daily maximum and mean values of outdoor heat are associated with greater RRs of heat-related morbidity and all-cause mortality versus minimum values of the same metric. The choice of heat metric (e.g., temperature versus HI) does not appear to substantively affect risk calculations in this population.

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Tramadol Induced Jerks

Cited by 5 publications

References 8 publications

Comorbidity patterns in cardiovascular diseases: the role of life-stage and socioeconomic status

Comorbidity patterns in cardiovascular diseases: the role of life-stage and socioeconomic status

Development of Osteoarthritis in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes Treated With Metformin vs a Sulfonylurea

Does choice of outdoor heat metric affect heat-related epidemiologic analyses in the US Medicare population?

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