Tramadol as local anesthetic drug for maxillary sinuses trephination in equine species

Abstract

This project was designed to study the incidence, onset, duration and potency of tramadol, in donkeys can be evaluated as local anesthetic drug by infiltration in maxillary sinus for trephination. In this study, five adult donkeys of both sexes of local breed were used for induce trephination of maxillary sinus that was given 2% xylazine hydrochloride intravenously followed by local infiltration of 5% tramadol with aseptic technique. Parameters were used for evaluation, physical and clinical examination which includes: degree of chewing, degree of pain during palpation, measuring of anesthetic time, secretion of lacrimal gland was measured after induction of anesthetic drug locally. The results demonstrated that there are no any significant changes in heart rate, respiratory rate and rectal body temperature .While the anesthetic parameters showed no any significant changes about pain during palpation and absent of chewing movement with secretion of lacrimal gland was seen. Increase in anesthesia duration time from 30-45 minute and with the potency and recovery was excellent after surgical operation.