Tram power supply infrastructure modernization for improving its energy efficiency – Polish case

Abstract

[Numberless Heading] Abstract[Normal] Manuscript preparation for CETRA 2014 proceedings is a fairly simplified process. Everything you need for a properly formatted article is contained in this template document which uses a feature of Microsoft Word called Styles. A style is a set of formatting characteristics that you can apply to text in your document to quickly change its appearance. When you apply a style, you apply a whole group of formats in one simple step. For example, you may want to format the sections headers to make them stand out. Instead of changing the headings one by one, you can give them a style and change them all at once. All the styles in this document are preformatted so you only need to pick an appropriate one for the part you are working on. In this example document each section that uses a specific style starts with a style name surrounded by square brackets for easy identification. The text you are reading at the moment is formatted using [Normal] style, whilst the heading above it uses [Numberless Heading] style and so on. These words serve only as a reference and should be omitted in the paper you submit. Figure 2. This group may be expanded to a list by clicking on the icon in its lower-right corner which will open a window similar to the one in Figure 3.

On-Board Energy Storage Devices with Supercapacitors for Metro Trains—Case Study Analysis of Application Effectiveness

“…B e + F t m tr (16) d-train braking rates at different velocities (m/s 2 ), B e -train braking effort (N).…”

“…An advantage of the on-board ESD [14] is that in an event of a line power loss, the train is still able to be driven to a safe place allowing passengers to disembark [15] or to be evacuated from a tunnel in an emergency. Additional advantages of on-board ESD are as follows [16]:…”