Trajectory retrieval and component investigations of the southern polar stratosphere based on high-resolution spectroscopy of the totally eclipsed moon surface

Ugolnikov, Oleg S.; Punanova, A.; Krushinsky, V.

doi:10.1016/j.jqsrt.2012.11.013

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The e=0.3 • model best matches the spectral features and slope of the e=0.38 • data, but is a factor of 4 larger in F in /F out . Indeed, aerosols and hazes will affect the eclipse brightness, especially for the smaller eclipse angles as has been shown before (Keen 1983;Ugolnikov et al 2013). Aerosols will be vertically stratified, and their absorption signal will depend on wavelength in a way that is difficult to anticipate.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

“…Our measured value is slightly elevated above the mean background value 0.7 determined by Keen (1983), but is significantly lower than the values observed during eclipses that occurred soon after major volcanic eruptions (e.g., τ o−c = 2-6), and is consistent with the lack of recent major volcanic eruptions on Earth. See García and Ugolnikov et al (2013) for recent analyses of the impact of volcanic eruptions on the appearance of lunar eclipses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many lunar eclipse observations aimed at studying Earth as an exoplanet have been conducted at visible and infrared wavelengths (Pallé et al 2009;Vidal-Madjar et al 2010;Ugolnikov et al 2013;Arnold et al 2014;Yan et al 2015a,c;Kawauchi et al 2018), revealing the spectral signatures of many gaseous species as well as aerosols. Observations can be obtained in two different phases of an eclipse, the penumbral and umbral phases.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Hubble Space Telescope's near-UV and optical transmission spectrum of Earth as an exoplanet

Youngblood,

Arney,

Muñoz

et al. 2020

Preprint

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We observed the 2019 January total lunar eclipse with the Hubble Space Telescope's STIS spectrograph to obtain the first near-UV (1700-3200 Å) observation of Earth as a transiting exoplanet. The observatories and instruments that will be able to perform transmission spectroscopy of exo-Earths are beginning to be planned, and characterizing the transmission spectrum of Earth is vital to ensuring that key spectral features (e.g., ozone, or O 3 ) are appropriately captured in mission concept studies. O 3 is photochemically produced from O 2 , a product of the dominant metabolism on Earth today, and it will be sought in future observations as critical evidence for life on exoplanets. Ground-based observations of lunar eclipses have provided the Earth's transmission spectrum at optical and near-IR wavelengths, but the strongest O 3 signatures are in the near-UV. We describe the observations and methods used to extract a transmission spectrum from Hubble lunar eclipse spectra, and identify spectral features of O 3 and Rayleigh scattering in the 3000-5500 Å region in Earth's transmission spectrum by comparing to Earth models that include refraction effects in the terrestrial atmosphere during a lunar eclipse. Our near-UV spectra are featureless, a consequence of missing the narrow time span during the eclipse when near-UV sunlight is not completely attenuated through Earth's atmosphere due to extremely strong O 3 absorption and when sunlight is transmitted to the lunar surface at altitudes where it passes through the O 3 layer rather than above it. INTRODUCTIONAs we approach the era of directly characterizing the atmospheres of Earth-sized exoplanets, considerable preparation is underway to determine how we would recognize signatures of habitability or life from many parsecs away using techniques like transit spectroscopy and direct imaging. A major component of these preparations is the evaluation of biosignatures, the remotely observable features

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Hubble Space Telescope's near-UV and optical transmission spectrum of Earth as an exoplanet

Youngblood,

Arney,

Muñoz

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…Such a "blue band" or "violet band" has been occasionally reported during other partial or total lunar eclipses. The monochrome version on the right used the Photoshop © "exclusion" density (0.27 g/cm 2 at 0.18 atm and 220 K) and scale height (2.0 km) of water vapor (Ugolnikov et al 2013 ).…”

Section: The Spectrum Of a Shadowmentioning

confidence: 99%

Celestial Shadows

Westfall¹,

Sheehan²

2015

Astrophysics and Space Science Library

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“…Vidal-Madjar et al (2010) observed the same partial lunar eclipse and found O 2 , O 3 and Na I based on the transmission spectrum obtained from the penumbral spectra. Ugolnikov et al (2013, hereafter U13) observed the total lunar eclipse in December 2011 with a resolving power of R ~30 000 and an SNR of 45 near the H α line and quantitatively analysed the atmospheric species, including O 2 , O 3 , H 2 O, O 2 · O 2 and NO 2 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-resolution transmission spectrum of the Earth's atmosphere-seeing Earth as an exoplanet using a lunar eclipse

Yan

Fosbury

Petr-Gotzens

et al. 2014

International Journal of Astrobiology

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With the rapid developments in the exoplanet field, more and more terrestrial exoplanets are being detected. Characterising their atmospheres using transit observations will become a key datum in the quest for detecting an Earth-like exoplanet. The atmospheric transmission spectrum of our Earth will be an ideal template for comparison with future exo-Earth candidates. By observing a lunar eclipse, which offers a similar configuration to that of an exoplanet transit, we have obtained a high resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio transmission spectrum of the Earth's atmosphere. This observation was performed with the High Resolution Spectrograph at Xinglong Station, China during the total lunar eclipse in December 2011. We compare the observed transmission spectrum with our atmospheric model, and determine the characteristics of the various atmospheric species in detail. In the transmission spectrum, O 2 , O 3 , O 2 · O 2 , NO 2 and H 2 O are detected, and their column densities are measured and compared with the satellites data. The visible Chappuis band of ozone produces the most prominent absorption feature, which suggests that ozone is a promising molecule for the future exo-Earth characterization. Due to the high resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio of our spectrum, several novel details of the Earth atmosphere's transmission spectrum are presented. The individual O 2 lines are resolved and O 2 isotopes are clearly detected. Our new observations do not confirm the absorption features of Ca II or Na I which have been reported in previous lunar eclipse observations. However, features in these and some other strong Fraunhofer line positions do occur in the observed spectrum. We propose that these are due to a Raman-scattered component in the forward-scattered sunlight appearing in the lunar umbral spectrum. Water vapour absorption is found to be rather weak in our spectrum because the atmosphere we probed is relatively dry, which prompts us to discuss the detectability of water vapour in Earth-like exoplanet atmospheres.

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Trajectory retrieval and component investigations of the southern polar stratosphere based on high-resolution spectroscopy of the totally eclipsed moon surface

Cited by 11 publications

References 22 publications

The Hubble Space Telescope's near-UV and optical transmission spectrum of Earth as an exoplanet

The Hubble Space Telescope's near-UV and optical transmission spectrum of Earth as an exoplanet

Celestial Shadows

High-resolution transmission spectrum of the Earth's atmosphere-seeing Earth as an exoplanet using a lunar eclipse

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