Trajectory Design and Power Control for Joint Radar and Communication Enabled Multi-UAV Cooperative Detection Systems

Physical layer security‐oriented energy‐efficient resource allocation and trajectory design for UAV jammer over 5G millimeter wave cognitive relay system

“…With this result and references of Al-Hourani et al, 30,[32][33][34][35] the average channel gain between the UAV and the ground terminal 𝜐 is formulated as…”

“…Then, we can use the path loss weighted sum by both LoS and NLoS to determine the A2G channel gain, which is given by $$$$ {\tilde{L}}_{\mathrm{U},\upsilon }={\xi}_{\mathrm{U},\upsilon}^{\mathrm{LoS}}{\eta}_1{\left(\frac{4\pi {f}_c{d}_{U,\upsilon }}{c}\right)}^2+{\xi}_{\mathrm{U},\upsilon}^{\mathrm{NLoS}}{\eta}_2{\left(\frac{4\pi {f}_c{d}_{U,\upsilon }}{c}\right)}^2. $$$$ With this result and references of Al‐Hourani et al, 30,32–35 the average channel gain between the UAV and the ground terminal $$$ \upsilon $$$ is formulated as $$$$ {g}_{\mathrm{U},\upsilon }=1/{\tilde{L}}_{\mathrm{U},\upsilon .} $$$$ Obviously, by using this average channel gain, there is no need to account for LoS and NLoS links, separately.…”