Trajectory and Influencing Factors of Depressive Symptoms in Family Caregivers Before and After the Death of Terminally Ill Patients With Cancer

Ling, Sing Fang; Chen, Mei Ling; Li, Chung‐Yi; Chang, W.C.; Shen, Wen; Tang, Siew Tzuh

doi:10.1188/13.onf.e32-e40

Cited by 31 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…, Ling et al . ). Differences between bereaved family members are ignored; all data on depressive‐symptom levels at different times during bereavement are averaged to constitute a curve of depressive‐symptom changes over time (i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…, Ling et al . ). The first support for the concept of heterogeneity among depressive‐symptom trajectories came from a review of empirical studies on family members’ grief reactions (Bonanno & Kaltman ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…, Ling et al . ), 5·7–42% in the sixth to ninth months (Zisook & Shuchter , Zisook et al . , Barry et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Trajectories of depressive symptoms for bereaved family members of chronically ill patients: a systematic review

Kuo

Sun

Tang

2017

Journal of Clinical Nursing

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Trajectories of depressive symptoms for bereaved family members of chronically ill patients: a systematic review

Kuo

Sun

Tang

2017

Journal of Clinical Nursing

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“…Given that pre-loss caregiver distress has been associated with post-loss outcomes, 3,8,32,33 we were surprised to find that the depressive symptom benefits for early group caregivers did not extend into the period after their care recipients' deaths. Because not all decedent caregivers completed after-death questionnaires, the sample of decedent caregivers was much smaller in this analysis compared to that in the terminal decline analysis, which greatly limited statistical power to detect differences between groups.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Family Caregiver Depressive Symptom and Grief Outcomes From the ENABLE III Randomized Controlled Trial

Dionne‐Odom

Azuero

Lyons

et al. 2016

Journal of Pain and Symptom Management

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Context Little is known about whether early palliative care (EPC) support for family caregivers (CGs) impacts depressive symptoms and grief after care recipients die. Objectives To assess after-death CG depressive symptom and grief scores for early compared to delayed group CGs. Methods We conducted a randomized controlled trial (RCT) (10/2010-9/2013) of an EPC telehealth intervention for CGs (n=123) initiated at the time of care recipients' advanced cancer diagnosis (early group) or 12 weeks later (delayed group) in a rural comprehensive cancer center, affiliated clinics, and a Veterans Administration medical center. The ENABLE [Educate, Nurture, Advise, Before Life Ends] CG intervention consisted of three weekly sessions, monthly follow-up, and a bereavement call. CGs completed the Center for Epidemiological Study-Depression scale (CESD) and the Prigerson Inventory of Complicated Grief-Short Form (PG13) 8-12 weeks after care recipients' deaths. Crude and covariate-adjusted between-group differences were estimated and tested using general linear models. Results For care recipients who died (n=70), 44 CGs (early: n=19; delayed: n=25) completed after-death questionnaires. Mean depressive symptom scores (CESD) for the early group was 14.6 (standard deviation [SD]=10.7) and for the delayed group was 17.6 (SD=11.8). Mean complicated grief scores (PG13) for the early group was 22.7 (SD=4.9) and for the delayed group was 24.9 (SD=6.9). Adjusted between-group differences were not statistically significant (CESD: d=0.07, P=0.88; PG13: d=-0.21, P=0.51). Conclusion CGs' depressive symptom and complicated grief scores 8-12 weeks after care recipients' deaths were not statistically different based on the timing of EPC support. The impact of timing of CG EPC interventions on CGs bereavement outcomes requires further investigation.

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“…The demands of this balancing act leave spouses vulnerable to carrying the highest rates of caregiver depression among all family care providers (Ling et al, 2013). Furthermore, elevated rates of depression and distress have been reported by caregiving partners that match or surpass that of the cancer patients themselves (Braun et al, 2007; Matthews, 2003).…”

Section: The Role Of Caregivermentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward a model of continuous care: A necessity for caregiving partners

et al. 2015

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Objective Caregiving partners constitute a unique group, who provide both physical and emotional care for patients. There has been extensive research conducted on caregivers during either the caregiving or bereavement phase; however, these phases are often treated as separate entities rather than as part of a continuum. Method In this paper, utilizing relevant literature and clinical observations, we map the emotional journey and lived experience of caregivers moving from disease progression, to the end of life, to the dying process itself, and then through life after the death of a partner. Along this journey, we identify the links between pre-death caregiving and bereavement. Results Our illustration raises awareness regarding the unmet needs experienced by caregiving partners across the continuum and provides an alternative framework through which clinicians can view this course. Significance of Results We bolster arguments for improved palliative care services and early interventions with distressed caregiving partners by emphasizing continuity of care both before and after a patient’s death.

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Trajectory and Influencing Factors of Depressive Symptoms in Family Caregivers Before and After the Death of Terminally Ill Patients With Cancer

Cited by 31 publications

References 37 publications

Trajectories of depressive symptoms for bereaved family members of chronically ill patients: a systematic review

Trajectories of depressive symptoms for bereaved family members of chronically ill patients: a systematic review

Family Caregiver Depressive Symptom and Grief Outcomes From the ENABLE III Randomized Controlled Trial

Toward a model of continuous care: A necessity for caregiving partners

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