Trajectories of Marijuana Use among HIV-seropositive and HIV-seronegative MSM in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS), 1984–2013

Okafor, Chukwuemeka N.; Cook, Robert L.; Chen, Xinguang; Surkan, Pamela J.; Becker, James T.; Shoptaw, Steven; Martin, Eileen; Plankey, Michael

doi:10.1007/s10461-016-1445-3

Cited by 33 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 58 publications

(58 reference statements)

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“…The lack of association between marijuana use and HIV disease markers, progression to AIDS, mortality, or cancer reported here is consistent with prior observational [ 1 , 3 , 6 , 8 , 39 ] and case-control [ 5 ] studies. However, other studies reported associations between marijuana use and higher CD4 counts and/or lower viral load [ 9 ], higher CD4 counts [ 10 ], and slightly lower viral loads during the first year post-seroconversion [ 7 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…However, other studies reported associations between marijuana use and higher CD4 counts and/or lower viral load [ 9 ], higher CD4 counts [ 10 ], and slightly lower viral loads during the first year post-seroconversion [ 7 ]. While differences between these studies likely reflect differences in study populations, selection criteria, adjustment for confounders, and length of follow-up, the results reported here are consistent with those from other studies in MSM cohorts [ 1 , 3 , 6 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…Despite this high prevalence, few studies have investigated health effects of long-term heavy marijuana use among HIV+ individuals [ 4 ]. Observational studies reported contradictory findings regarding associations between marijuana use and HIV viral load [ 5–9 ] or CD4 cell counts [ 1 , 3 , 5 , 6 , 10 ]. Animal model studies also report inconsistent effects of tetrahydrocannabinol administration on viral replication and disease progression [ 11 , 12 ].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Marijuana Use Impacts Midlife Cardiovascular Events in HIV-Infected Men

Lorenz

Dutta

Mukerji

et al. 2017

Clinical Infectious Diseases

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Marijuana Use Impacts Midlife Cardiovascular Events in HIV-Infected Men

Lorenz

Dutta

Mukerji

et al. 2017

Clinical Infectious Diseases

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“…The potential benefit of medical cannabis in the treatment of patients with HIV has a long history (Werner, 2001) and up to 62% of people with HIV infection report cannabis use (Mimiaga et al, 2013; Okafor et al, 2017; Ompad et al, 2016). Cannabis use could improve HIV outcomes by improving pain and anxiety (both are associated with poor HIV outcomes) or could worsen HIV outcomes, as suggested by pre-clinical studies which show that cannabis negatively impacts immune function (Friedman, Klein, Newton, & Daaka, 1995; Hollister, 1992).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cannabis Use is Associated with Lower Odds of Prescription Opioid Analgesic Use Among HIV-Infected Individuals with Chronic Pain

Sohler

Starrels

Khalid

et al. 2018

Substance Use & Misuse

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BACKGROUND Chronic pain is common in the United States and prescribed opioid analgesics use for non-cancer pain has increased dramatically in the past two decades, possibly accounting for the current opioid addiction epidemic. Co-morbid drug use in those prescribed opioid analgesics is common, but there are few data on polysubstance use patterns. OBJECTIVE We explored patterns of use of cigarette, alcohol, and illicit drugs in HIV-infected people with chronic pain who were prescribed opioid analgesics. METHODS We conducted a secondary data analysis of screening interviews conducted as part of a parent randomized trial of financial incentives to improve HIV outcomes among drug users. In a convenience sample of people with HIV and chronic pain, we collected self-report data on demographic characteristics; pain; patterns of opioid analgesic use (both prescribed and illicit); cigarette, alcohol, and illicit drug use (including cannabis, heroin, and cocaine) within the past 30 days; and current treatment for drug use and HIV. RESULTS Almost half of the sample of people with HIV and chronic pain reported current prescribed opioid analgesic use (N=372, 47.1%). Illicit drug use was common (N=505, 63.9%), and cannabis was the most commonly used illicit substance (N=311, 39.4%). In multivariate analyses, only cannabis use was significantly associated with lower odds of prescribed opioid analgesic use (adjusted odds ratio=0.57; 95% confidence interval: 0.38-0.87). CONCLUSIONS/IMPORTANCE Our data suggest that new medical cannabis legislation might reduce the need for opioid analgesics for pain management, which could help to address adverse events associated with opioid analgesic use.

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“…However, only participants who were seropositive as at the time of enrollment were included. Detailed descriptions of additional laboratory measures have been published elsewhere (35). Cluster of differentiation (CD4+) T-lymphocyte subset levels were categorized as <500 and ≥ 500 CD4+ cells/μL.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and correlates of marijuana use among HIV-seropositive and seronegative men in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS), 1984–2013

Okafor

Cook

Chen

et al. 2016

The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse

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Background Marijuana use is common among HIV+ individuals, but few studies have examined long-term trends in prevalence and correlates of use. Methods We evaluated trends (1984–2013) in the annual prevalence of current (past six-month use) and daily (among current users) marijuana use and determined correlates of use among 2,742 HIV-seropositive (HIV+) and 3,172 HIV-seronegative (HIV−) men who have sex with men (MSM) in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS). Poisson regression models was used to estimate prevalence ratios of marijuana use separately for the men who were enrolled before 2001 (early-cohort) and after 2001 (late-cohort). Results Over the 29 years of the study, the prevalence of current marijuana use declined significantly, whereas, daily use among users increased among all men in the early and late-cohorts. A HIV+ status was associated with higher prevalence of marijuana use among the men in the early-cohort (adjusted prevalence ratio (aPR) =1.53, 95% confidence interval (CI):1.42, 1.64, p=<.0001), but not in the men in the late-cohort (aPR=0.90, 95% CI: 0.79, 1.03, p=.1424). Among the HIV+ men in the late-cohort, lower CD4+ count and having a detectable HIV viral load were positively associated with current marijuana use. Conclusions Although the annual prevalence of current marijuana use decreased significantly over time in the MACS, daily use among users increased significantly. As nearly half of states in the US now have laws allowing medical or recreational marijuana use, there is a need to continually monitor trends in marijuana use among HIV+ and HIV− MSM.

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Trajectories of Marijuana Use among HIV-seropositive and HIV-seronegative MSM in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS), 1984–2013

Cited by 33 publications

References 58 publications

Marijuana Use Impacts Midlife Cardiovascular Events in HIV-Infected Men

Marijuana Use Impacts Midlife Cardiovascular Events in HIV-Infected Men

Cannabis Use is Associated with Lower Odds of Prescription Opioid Analgesic Use Among HIV-Infected Individuals with Chronic Pain

Prevalence and correlates of marijuana use among HIV-seropositive and seronegative men in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS), 1984–2013

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