Trajectories of Handgun Carrying in Rural Communities From Early Adolescence to Young Adulthood

Ellyson, Alice M.; Gause, Emma; Oesterle, Sabrina; Kuklinski, Margaret R.; Briney, John S.; Weybright, Elizabeth H.; Haggerty, Kevin P.; Lyons, Vivian H.; Schleimer, Julia P.; Rowhani‐Rahbar, Ali

doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.5127

Cited by 12 publications

(24 citation statements)

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“…Rural-Urban Variation in the Association of Adolescent Violence and Handgun Carrying in the United States Despite the high and increasing prevalence of adolescent handgun carrying in rural areas, researchers have, until recently, 18,22,[34][35][36] almost exclusively studied handgun carrying among adolescents in urban areas. 30 In these settings, antisocial and aggressive behavior (eg, fighting) are associated with handgun carrying.…”

Section: Jama Network Open | Public Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rural-Urban Variation in the Association of Adolescent Violence and Handgun Carrying in the United States, 2002-2019

et al. 2023

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ImportanceAdolescent handgun carrying is associated with increased risk of firearm-related violence. Most evidence on adolescent handgun carrying is from urban areas, but these findings may not generalize to rural areas.ObjectiveTo examine differences in associations of adolescent interpersonal violence with handgun carrying across the rural-urban continuum.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cross-sectional study used nationally representative data from the US National Survey on Drug Use and Health among adolescents aged 12 to 17 years from 2002 to 2019 to estimate time-varying prevalence ratios (PRs) and prevalence differences (PDs) between interpersonal violence and handgun carrying across the rural-urban continuum. Analyses were conducted in April to July 2022.ExposuresAny past-year serious fighting, group fighting, and attacking with intent to harm.Main Outcomes and MeasuresAny past-year handgun carrying. Associations were estimated within county rural-urban strata using the US Department of Agriculture’s Rural-Urban Continuum Codes.ResultsIn each year, the sample included a weighted count of almost 25 million adolescents, with 50.9% (95% CI, 50.2%-51.6%) males and 24.7% (95% CI, 23.8%-25.6%) Hispanic adolescents, 13.5% (95% CI, 12.8%-14.2%) non-Hispanic Black adolescents, and 51.8% (95% CI, 50.8%-52.8%) non-Hispanic White adolescents in 2019. More rural counties had less racial and ethnic diversity. For example, 81.1% (95% CI, 75.9%-85.4%) of adolescents were non-Hispanic White in the most rural counties vs 43.1% (95% CI, 41.7%-44.6%) of adolescents were non-Hispanic White in the most urban counties in 2019. Adolescent handgun carrying increased over time, with the largest increases in the most rural counties, where the prevalence of adolescent handgun carrying increased from 5.2% (95% CI, 3.8%-7.0%) in 2003 to 12.4% (95% CI, 8.9%-16.9%) in 2019. PRs for the association of violence and handgun carrying were greater in more urban counties. For example, in the most urban counties in 2019, adolescents involved in a group fight had 3.7 (95% CI, 2.9-4.8) times the prevalence of handgun carrying vs those not involved in a group fight; this PR was 3.1 (95% CI, 1.6-5.6) in the most rural counties. PDs were similar and, in some cases, larger in rural areas. For example, in the most urban counties in 2019, handgun carrying prevalence was 7.5% (95% CI, 5.7%-9.5%) higher among adolescents who were involved in a group fight compared with those who were not; this PD was 21.8% (95% CI, 8.2%-37.8%) in the most rural counties, where handgun carrying was more common.Conclusions and RelevanceThis cross-sectional study found that associations of interpersonal violence with handgun carrying were stronger in relative terms in urban areas than in rural areas; however, a higher percentage of rural than urban adolescents carried handguns, resulting in a greater absolute prevalence of handgun carrying associated with violence in rural areas than in urban areas. These findings suggest opportunities for preventing handgun carrying–related harms may differ between rural and urban communities.

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Section: Jama Network Open | Public Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rural-Urban Variation in the Association of Adolescent Violence and Handgun Carrying in the United States, 2002-2019

et al. 2023

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“…Firearm injury among youths is a public health problem that presents differently in rural and metropolitan (urban) areas. Ellyson and colleagues 1 focus on handgun carrying by youths who grew up in rural areas. Handgun carrying by adolescents is a precursor to gun assault and homicide because these crimes typically occur away from home.…”

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“…Of course, the growing propensity nationwide to carry guns is a public health concern. Ellyson and colleagues track self-reported handgun carrying in a cohort of youths. The first wave of interviews was in 2005, when respondents were 12 years of age, and subsequent waves were conducted in most years thereafter until 2019, when the respondents were 26 years of age.…”

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“…Ellyson and colleagues focus their recommendations on programs to teach gun safety to youths, although there is little evidence that training or educational programs are effective in reducing risky behavior . An alternative approach is to target the behavior of the parents, who typically are the immediate source of the guns that end up misused by the children in the family.…”

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Reducing Misuse of Handguns by Rural Youth—Focus on the Parents

Cook

Parker

2022

JAMA Netw Open

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“…Chapter 3 has also been presented at a statistical colloquium. Further, Chapter 2 and 3 have both been published in international scientific journals, with Chapter 2 garnering citations in diverse fields including epidemiology [228], gerontology [3], nutrition [4], psychiatry [2], finance [229] and public health [230]. Chapter 4 is in the process of submission to a scientific journal.…”

Section: Samenvatting In Het Nederlandsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Trajectories of Handgun Carrying in Rural Communities From Early Adolescence to Young Adulthood

Cited by 12 publications

References 30 publications

Rural-Urban Variation in the Association of Adolescent Violence and Handgun Carrying in the United States, 2002-2019

Rural-Urban Variation in the Association of Adolescent Violence and Handgun Carrying in the United States, 2002-2019

Reducing Misuse of Handguns by Rural Youth—Focus on the Parents

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