Trajectories of depression, anxiety and pandemic experiences; A longitudinal study of youth in New York during the Spring-Summer of 2020

Hawes, Mariah; Szenczy, Aline K.; Olino, Thomas M.; Nelson, Brady D.; Klein, Daniel N.

doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2021.113778

Cited by 87 publications

(113 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Generalized anxiety in adolescence predicted higher levels of initial anxiety, stress, and COVID-related worries and predicted maintenance of these levels during three months at the start of the pandemic. These results closely parallel previous studies which have found that previous overall (total) anxiety or internalizing problems predicted increased stress and anxiety during the pandemic, relative to before the pandemic (Shanahan et al, 2020), or increased anxiety trajectories during the pandemic (Hawes et al, 2021). Our results suggest that this pattern of results may reflect the experiences of individuals high in generalized anxiety, who may be more prone to worrying and catastrophizing about the uncertainty and threats caused by the pandemic across several domains (e.g., health, family, financial, and education/work domains).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…These results are consistent with recent longitudinal evidence from the United States and Europe indicating that, on average, anxiety and stress peaked during the initial months of the pandemic and was then followed by a significant decline in the following months (Daly et al, 2020;Fancourt et al, 2021;Hawes et al, 2021). This pattern likely reflects an acute increase in individuals' psychological distress because of the uncertainty about the virus and the public health restriction measures put in place to mitigate its spread.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…When designing the study, we originally hypothesized that, on average, levels of COVID-related worries, perceived stress, and anxiety would increase across the pandemic. However, recent long-term studies suggest that, on average, anxiety and stress peaked during the initial months of the pandemic as restrictions began, followed by a significant decline in anxiety and stress during the following months (Fancourt et al, 2021;Hawes et al, 2021). For example, in a study of young adults in New York (United States), Hawes et al (2021) report that the highest levels of anxiety and other forms of psychopathology occurred in the early stages of pandemic (April and May), followed by significant declines over the summer.…”

Section: Current Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, recent long-term studies suggest that, on average, anxiety and stress peaked during the initial months of the pandemic as restrictions began, followed by a significant decline in anxiety and stress during the following months (Fancourt et al, 2021;Hawes et al, 2021). For example, in a study of young adults in New York (United States), Hawes et al (2021) report that the highest levels of anxiety and other forms of psychopathology occurred in the early stages of pandemic (April and May), followed by significant declines over the summer. These trajectories suggest that anxiety was highest when the most stringent restrictions were in place and the uncertainty about the virus was highest.…”

Section: Current Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although pre-pandemic anxiety predicts increased anxiety levels during the pandemic (Hawes et al, 2021), prior studies failed to differentiate associations among different forms of anxiety. For instance, individuals with generalized anxiety, who tend to have persistent and excessive levels of worry about many aspects of life that became relatively uncertain during the pandemic (e.g., future, health, finances), might face heightened risk for exacerbated worries and stress during the pandemic.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Which anxious adolescents were most impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic?

Morales¹,

Zeytinoglu²,

Lorenzo

et al. 2021

Preprint

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The COVID-19 pandemic and its associated restrictions caused significant stress and anxiety among many, but individual effects of the pandemic vary widely. We examine if specific forms of anxiety (generalized vs. social) predict distinct trajectories of anxiety, perceived stress, and COVID-related worries during three early months of the pandemic. As part of a longitudinal study (N=291), adolescents’ (n=194) levels of social and generalized anxiety were assessed via parent- and self-reports and clinical diagnostic interviews. In young adulthood (n=164), anxiety, stress, and COVID-related worries were assessed three times during the pandemic. Pre-pandemic generalized anxiety predicted higher initial levels and maintenance of anxiety, stress, and COVID-related worries during the pandemic. In contrast, pre-pandemic social anxiety predicted lower initial levels of anxiety, stress, and COVID-related worries followed by increases in anxiety and stress. Our results highlight the importance of understanding how pre-pandemic psychological factors influence individuals’ responses to the pandemic.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Current Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Current Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Which anxious adolescents were most impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic?

Morales¹,

Zeytinoglu²,

Lorenzo

et al. 2021

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Self-reported Mental and Physical Health Among Norwegian Adolescents Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Andreas

Brunborg

2021

JAMA Netw Open

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Key Points Question Are there differences in self-reported depression symptoms, friendships, physical health, and organized sports participation among adolescents in Norway before vs during the COVID-19 pandemic and across levels of experienced pandemic-related anxiety? Findings This cohort study including 2536 adolescents found that Norwegian adolescents starting high school during the COVID-19-year had lower odds of sports participation than their peers starting high school in preceding years, but no significant differences in depression symptoms, friendships, and physical health. However, elevated depression symptoms and poor physical health were significantly more common in the subgroup of adolescents experiencing high pandemic-related anxiety in the COVID-19 cohort compared with their peers in the pre–COVID cohort. Meaning These findings suggest that most adolescents from this sample coped adequately with the pandemic conditions but that strategies aiming to mitigate the impact of COVID-19 may benefit from identifying youth disproportionally affected by the pandemic-related anxieties.

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Global Prevalence of Depressive and Anxiety Symptoms in Children and Adolescents During COVID-19

et al. 2021

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IMPORTANCE Emerging research suggests that the global prevalence of child and adolescent mental illness has increased considerably during COVID-19. However, substantial variability in prevalence rates have been reported across the literature.OBJECTIVE To ascertain more precise estimates of the global prevalence of child and adolescent clinically elevated depression and anxiety symptoms during COVID-19; to compare these rates with prepandemic estimates; and to examine whether demographic (eg, age, sex), geographical (ie, global region), or methodological (eg, pandemic data collection time point, informant of mental illness, study quality) factors explained variation in prevalence rates across studies.DATA SOURCES Four databases were searched (PsycInfo, Embase, MEDLINE, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials) from January 1, 2020, to February 16, 2021, and unpublished studies were searched in PsycArXiv on March 8, 2021, for studies reporting on child/adolescent depression and anxiety symptoms. The search strategy combined search terms from 3 themes: (1) mental illness (including depression and anxiety), (2) COVID-19, and (3) children and adolescents (age Յ18 years). For PsycArXiv, the key terms COVID-19, mental health, and child/adolescent were used.STUDY SELECTION Studies were included if they were published in English, had quantitative data, and reported prevalence of clinically elevated depression or anxiety in youth (age Յ18 years). DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESISA total of 3094 nonduplicate titles/abstracts were retrieved, and 136 full-text articles were reviewed. Data were analyzed from March 8 to 22, 2021. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Prevalence rates of clinically elevated depression and anxiety symptoms in youth.RESULTS Random-effect meta-analyses were conducted. Twenty-nine studies including 80 879 participants met full inclusion criteria. Pooled prevalence estimates of clinically elevated depression and anxiety symptoms were 25.2% (95% CI, 21.2%-29.7%) and 20.5% (95% CI, 17.2%-24.4%), respectively. Moderator analyses revealed that the prevalence of clinically elevated depression and anxiety symptoms were higher in studies collected later in the pandemic and in girls. Depression symptoms were higher in older children. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCEPooled estimates obtained in the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic suggest that 1 in 4 youth globally are experiencing clinically elevated depression symptoms, while 1 in 5 youth are experiencing clinically elevated anxiety symptoms. These pooled estimates, which increased over time, are double of prepandemic estimates. An influx of mental health care utilization is expected, and allocation of resources to address child and adolescent mental health concerns are essential.

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Trajectories of depression, anxiety and pandemic experiences; A longitudinal study of youth in New York during the Spring-Summer of 2020

Cited by 87 publications

References 30 publications

Which anxious adolescents were most impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic?

Which anxious adolescents were most impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic?

Self-reported Mental and Physical Health Among Norwegian Adolescents Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Global Prevalence of Depressive and Anxiety Symptoms in Children and Adolescents During COVID-19

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