Trajectories of Cigarette Smoking Beginning in Adolescence Predict Insomnia in the Mid Thirties

Abstract

Background Insomnia is increasingly recognized as a public health concern in modern society. Insomnia diagnoses appear to be increasing and are associated with poor health outcomes. They may cost $100 billion annually in health services. Objective Given the adverse consequences of insomnia such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and depression, the present study was designed to examine the relationship of the trajectories of earlier cigarette smoking and later insomnia. The ultimate goal is to reduce the prevalence of insomnia. Methods 674 participants (53% African Americans, 47% Puerto Ricans, 60% females) were surveyed at 6 points in time. We employed the growth mixture model to obtain the trajectories of cigarette smoking from age 14 to 32. We used logistic regression analyses to examine the associations between the trajectories of smoking and insomnia. Results Males were less likely to have insomnia than females (Adjusted odds ratio: AOR=0.34, p<.05). A higher Bayesian posterior probability (BPP) for the chronic smoking trajectory group (AOR=2.69, p<.05) and for the moderate smoking trajectory group (AOR=5.33, p<.01) was associated with an increased likelihood of having insomnia at age 36 compared with the BPP of the no or low smoking trajectory group. Conclusions Prevention and treatment programs for individuals who suffer from insomnia should be implemented in parallel with programs for smoking cessation. From a public health perspective, our longitudinal study that examined the association between earlier smoking trajectories and later insomnia suggests that treatments designed to reduce or cease smoking may lessen the occurrence of symptoms of insomnia.

Physical activity, smoking, and the incidence of clinically diagnosed insomnia

“…reported (15,40,41). Our findings are consistent with previous results even though we used strict diagnostic criteria for insomnia, suggesting that smokers are at increased risk.…”

“…Our findings are consistent with previous results even though we used strict diagnostic criteria for insomnia, suggesting that smokers are at increased risk. Possible mechanisms that have been proposed include the activating effects of nicotine and the associations with depressive symptoms or health conditions among smokers (13,15,40,41). However, our study controlled several potential confounders including medical conditions and also further excluded patients with mental disorders in the sensitivity analyses, and the association between smoking and incident insomnia remained.…”

Beyond experimentation: Five trajectories of cigarette smoking in a longitudinal sample of youth

“…Like the current analysis and analyses of Add Health [ 30 , 31 , 32 ], LCGAs of smoking of the sub-national samples [ 4 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 ] provides support for the existence of multiple smoking trajectories. The findings of the sub-national studies, however, are less likely to be generalizable to the entire United States, so have limited applicability to the development of national policies and interventions for smoking prevention and cessation.…”

“…In addition to several regional U.S. latent class growth analyses of cigarette smoking dating back to the 1980s [ 4 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 ], three national studies of the four-wave longitudinal AddHealth (years 0, 1, 5–6, and 13–14) demonstrated that multiple trajectories of smoking behavior exist [ 30 , 31 , 32 ]. Two of the national analyses followed participants for the first three waves (to age 25) and identified five trajectories in addition to never smokers [ 30 , 32 ].…”

Trajectories of Cannabis use Beginning in Adolescence Associated with Symptoms of Posttraumatic stress Disorder in the Mid-Thirties

“…8, 24 Among the 674 participants, 60% of the participants were female (n=405). Data on the participants were first collected in 1990 (time 1; T1, N=1,332) when the participants were students attending schools in the East Harlem area of New York City.…”