Trajectories of change in adolescent substance use and symptomatology: Impact of paternal and maternal substance use disorders.

Abstract

The effects of paternal and maternal substance use disorders (SUDs) on trajectories of change in adolescent offspring nicotine, alcohol, and drug use and symptomatology were investigated in a population-based sample of adolescent twins (N = 1,514). Adolescent and parental substance phenotypes were assessed when most adolescents were 11 years old, with 2 assessments of adolescents approximately every 3 years thereafter. Growth curves were fit using hierarchical linear modeling. Results indicated acceleration of substance involvement during adolescence, particularly for boys. Paternal and maternal SUD were each associated with more extreme trajectories. There was evidence for an additive, rather than interactive, combined parental effect. Findings help clarify the impact of paternal and maternal SUD on the development of substance involvement during adolescence.

Predictors of problem drinking in adolescence and young adulthood

“…This explanation is in line with a review study showing that risk factors for harmful alcohol use vary across different age groups [18]. Moreover as seen in other studies [13,15,33,35], our results showed that males were at higher risk for problem drinking than females.…”

“…Those few studies that studied these differential influences again reported mixed findings. Walden et al [35] reported that both fathers' and mothers' drinking was related to adolescent heavy drinking, as did McGue et al [20] who further showed this result to be stronger for biological than adoptive parents. In contrast, Reifman et al [27] reported that only mother's drinking was related to heavy drinking among adolescents, while another study suggested that neither paternal nor maternal alcohol use was related to adolescent problem drinking [37].…”

“…It has provided evidence for the predictive value of drinking of family members and friends for adolescent and young adult alcohol use [2,26,27,39]. However, only few studies examined the etiology of heavy drinking [13,27,35] and even less have focused on factors related to problem drinking in young people. The aim of this study is, therefore, to examine the role of the immediate social environment including parents, siblings and friends, on adolescent and young adult problem drinking.…”

Aspectos familiares de meninas adolescentes dependentes de álcool e drogas

“…A transmissão transgeracional dessa síndrome é um tema de estudo frequente na literatura nacional e internacional. Pais que fazem uso de alguma droga servem de modelo tanto para meninos quanto para meninas na experimentação e no início do contato com álcool e outras drogas [15][16][17][18][19] .…”

“…Segundo Walden et al 18 , adolescentes com pais usuários de drogas apresentam um índice muito maior de uso de nicotina nessa fase. Pélissolo et al 20 relatam que o uso de ansiolíticos e hipnóticos entre as adolescentes está extremamente vinculado ao uso desses medicamentos pelos pais, principalmente pelas mães, no caso das meninas.…”