Trait Intellect Predicts Cognitive Engagement: Evidence from a Resource Allocation Perspective

Smillie, Luke D.; Varsavsky, Valeria; Avery, Rachel E.; Perry, Ryan

doi:10.1002/per.2059

Cited by 19 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…Experimental findings (Smillie et al, 2016) support the assumption that intellect covers both seek and conquer processes. These authors found a positive relation of intellect and task performance variables and emphasize the utility of high intellect for learning and performance.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 68%

Dispositional Individual Differences in Cognitive Effort Investment: Establishing the Core Construct

Kührt¹,

Pannasch²,

Kiebel³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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It is commonly assumed that individuals tend to avoid effort, be it physical or cognitive. Yet, recent evidence suggests that individual differences exist and that personality traits related to the willingness to invest cognitive effort in goal-directed behavior are associated with experimental measures of cognitive effort investment. The personality traits need for cognition (NFC) and self-control were found to be related to behavioral measures of effort discounting and demand avoidance, respectively. Given that NFC and self-control are only moderately related, this evidence raises the question whether these associations are specific for these traits or whether they reflect a common core that these traits both involve cognitive effort investment. If so, the common core of both traits might be related to behavioral measures of the avoidance of cognitive effort in a more systematic fashion. Thus, the present study aimed at specifying a core construct of cognitive effort investment that reflects dispositional differences in the willingness and tendency to exert effortful control. Therefore, we conducted an online-study (N = 613) with questionnaires related to cognitive motivation and effort investment including the NFC and the self-control scale. Our findings support the hypothesized correlations between the assessed traits, where the relationship of NFC and self-control is specifically mediated via an aspect that can be conceptualized as goal-directedness. We found that a hierarchical factor model of cognitive motivation and effortful self-control can explain the shared variance of these two first-order factors by a second-order factor of cognitive effort investment. These findings are backed up by results of an independent second sample (N = 244). Taken together, our results integrate currently only loosely related research strands on cognitive motivation and self-control and provide a basis for further experimental research on the role of dispositional individual differences in goal-directed behavior.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 68%

Dispositional Individual Differences in Cognitive Effort Investment: Establishing the Core Construct

Kührt¹,

Pannasch²,

Kiebel³

et al. 2019

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Industriousness (partialling Orderliness), Openness, and Intellect appear to be robust predictors of components of work engagement (vigor, dedication, and absorption;Bakker, Schaufeli, Leiter, & Taris, 2008;Douglas, Bore, & Munro, 2016;Woods & Sofat, 2013). Intellect (distinct from Openness) also predicts more effortful cognitive engagement during a difficult cognitive task (Smillie, Varsavsky, Avery, & Perry, 2016), whereas Openness (distinct from Intellect) has been linked with deeper engagement in abstract art (Fayn, Tiliopoulos, & MacCann, 2015).…”

Section: Personality Traits and (P)erma Well-beingmentioning

confidence: 95%

Unique Associations Between Big Five Personality Aspects and Multiple Dimensions of Well-Being

Sun¹,

Kaufman²,

Smillie³

2016

Preprint

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Objective: Personality traits are associated with well-being, but the precise correlates vary acrosswell-being dimensions and within each Big Five domain. This study is the first to examine the unique associations between the Big Five aspects (rather than facets) and multiple well-being dimensions. Method: Two samples of U.S. participants (Total N = 706, Mage = 36.17, 54% female) recruited via Amazon’s Mechanical Turk completed measures of the Big Five aspects and subjective, psychological, and PERMA well-being. Results: One aspect within each domain was more strongly associated with well-being variables. Enthusiasm and Withdrawal were strongly associated with a broad range of well-being variables, but other aspects of personality also had idiosyncratic associations with distinct forms of positive functioning (e.g., Compassion with positive relationships, Industriousness with accomplishment, and Intellect with personal growth). Conclusions: An aspect-level analysis provides an optimal (i.e., parsimonious yet sufficiently comprehensive) framework for describing the relation between personality traits and multiple ways of thriving in life.

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“…Industriousness (partialing Orderliness), Openness, and Intellect appear to be robust predictors of components of work engagement (vigor, dedication, and absorption; Bakker, Schaufeli, Leiter, & Taris, ; Douglas, Bore, & Munro, ; Woods & Sofat, ). Intellect (distinct from Openness) also predicts more effortful cognitive engagement during a difficult cognitive task (Smillie, Varsavsky, Avery, & Perry, ), whereas Openness (distinct from Intellect) has been linked with deeper engagement in abstract art (Fayn, Tiliopoulos, & MacCann, ).…”

Section: Personality Traits and Three Taxonomies Of Well‐beingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unique Associations Between Big Five Personality Aspects and Multiple Dimensions of Well‐Being

Sun

Kaufman

Smillie

2017

Journal of Personality

Self Cite

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Objective: Personality traits are associated with well-being, but the precise correlates vary across well-being dimensions and within each Big Five domain. This study is the first to examine the unique associations between the Big Five aspects (rather than facets) and multiple well-being dimensions. Method: Two samples of U.S. participants (Total N = 706, M age = 36.17, 54% female) recruited via Amazon's Mechanical Turk completed measures of the Big Five aspects and subjective, psychological, and PERMA well-being. Results: One aspect within each domain was more strongly associated with well-being variables. Enthusiasm and Withdrawal were strongly associated with a broad range of well-being variables, but other aspects of personality also had idiosyncratic associations with distinct forms of positive functioning (e.g., Compassion with positive relationships, Industriousness with accomplishment, and Intellect with personal growth). Conclusions: An aspect-level analysis provides an optimal (i.e., parsimonious yet sufficiently comprehensive) framework for describing the relation between personality traits and multiple ways of thriving in life.

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Trait Intellect Predicts Cognitive Engagement: Evidence from a Resource Allocation Perspective

Cited by 19 publications

References 58 publications

Dispositional Individual Differences in Cognitive Effort Investment: Establishing the Core Construct

Dispositional Individual Differences in Cognitive Effort Investment: Establishing the Core Construct

Unique Associations Between Big Five Personality Aspects and Multiple Dimensions of Well-Being

Unique Associations Between Big Five Personality Aspects and Multiple Dimensions of Well‐Being

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