Trait impulsivity and prefrontal gray matter reductions in cocaine dependent individuals

Relationship between trait impulsivity and cortical volume, thickness and surface area in male cocaine users and non-drug using controls

“…We found a negative correlation between impulsivity and SA of the insula and STC in cocaine users but a positive correlation in controls, which is in line with previous studies showing similar correlations with CV of these regions (Churchwell and Yurgelun-Todd, 2013;Ersche et al, 2011;Moreno-López et al, 2012;Schilling et al, 2012). In addition, a positive correlation was shown between CT of the ACC in cocaine users, but a negative correlation in controls, similar to what has been found for CV of other prefrontal regions (Crunelle et al, 2014;Matsuo et al, 2009;Moreno-López et al, 2012;Schilling et al, 2012Schilling et al, , 2013.…”

“…These studies reported a positive correlation between trait impulsivity and the volume of the prefrontal cortex in cocaine users (Crunelle et al, 2014;Ersche et al, 2011;Moreno-López et al, 2012) but a negative correlation in controls (Matsuo et al, 2009;MorenoLópez et al, 2012;Schilling et al, 2012). These studies also reported a negative correlation between trait impulsivity and the volume of the insula and temporal cortex in cocaine users (Ersche et al, 2011;Moreno-López et al, 2012) but a positive correlation in controls (Cho et al, 2013;Moreno-López et al, 2012). Together these studies suggest a distinct (opposing) relation between trait impulsivity and cortical structure of the insula, temporal and frontal cortices in cocaine users and non-drug using controls.…”

“…Cocaine users commonly show higher scores on the Barrat impulsiveness scale (BIS-11), the most frequently used self-report instrument to assess trait impulsivity (Stanford et al, 2009). Moreover, voxelbased morophometry (VBM) studies have shown smaller volumes of the striatum, prefrontal cortex, temporal cortex and insula, in cocaine users compared to controls (Ersche et al, 2011;Franklin et al, 2002;Moreno-López et al, 2012;Weller et al, 2011). These regions, in particular the circuit including the insula and the prefrontal cortex, play an important role in the control over impulsive behaviour in addiction (Bari and Robbins, 2013;Jentsch and Taylor, 1999;McHugh et al, 2013;Noël et al, 2013).…”

“…Because previous VBM studies have shown a relation between impulsivity and the cortical morphometry of the insular cortex, subregions of the temporal cortex (superior, middle and inferior) and subregions of the prefrontal cortex (superior, middle, inferior, orbitalfronal and anterior cingulate; Cho et al, 2013;Crunelle et al, 2014;Ersche et al, 2011;Matsuo et al, 2009;Moreno-López et al, 2012;Schilling et al, 2012), all nine (sub)regions were regarded to be regions of interest (ROIs) in the current SBM study. To test for cortical differences specifically within this "impulsivity" network, a multivariate region of interest approach, instead of a univariate whole brain approach, was used.…”

Asociación diferencial entre el metabolismo regional de la corteza prefrontal y las estructuras límbicas y el tiempo de abstinencia en individuos dependientes de sustancias

“…En este sentido, la corteza frontal inferior ha sido consistentemente asociada con el control de la conducta (Aron, Fletcher, Bullmore, Sahakian y Robbins, 2003;Aron, Monsell, Sahakian y Robbins, 2004;Aron et al, 2007;Barrós-Loscertales et al, 2011;Garavan, Kaufman y Hester, 2008) y aunque la mayoría de los estudios de neuroimagen cerebral se han centrado en el papel de la corteza frontal inferior derecha, recientemente se ha demostrado que la parte izquierda también juega un papel fundamental en este proceso neuropsicológico (Connolly et al, 2012;Swick, Ashley y Turken, 2008). Es más, la parte izquierda del giro frontal inferior ha sido encontrada alterada en diversos consumidores de drogas (Moeller et al, 2010;Moreno-López et al, 2012c;Volkow et al, 2011) y ha sido asociada tanto con la impulsividad mostrada por sujetos sanos en tareas de descuento asociado a la demora o delay discount (Bjork, Momenan, y Hommer, 2009;Figner et al, 2010;McClure, Laibson, Loewenstein y Cohen, 2004) como con el craving de consumidores de cocaína y metanfetamina (Garavan et al, 2000;Tabibnia et al, 2011).…”