Trait–environment interactions affect plant establishment success during restoration

Zirbel, Chad R.; Brudvig, Lars A.

doi:10.1002/ecy.2971

Cited by 46 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…an interaction between LNC, WDMC, SOM and pH on individual survival at the species level) involving the survival and growth models at both the species and individual levels (Tables 1, S2-S5). Two-way (one trait 9 one environment) interactions had been reported to affect individual survival probability (Laughlin et al, 2018), seedling establishment (Zirbel & Brudvig, 2020) and multiple demographic rates (Blonder et al, 2018). With the inclusion of three-way interactions between two traits and one environment, Worthy et al (2020) found alternative functional designs and multiple growth peaks and they shifted along environmental gradients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The complexity of trait–environment performance landscapes in a local subtropical forest

Jiang

Shipley

et al. 2020

New Phytologist

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Summary That functional traits should affect individual performance and, in turn, determine fitness and population growth, is a foundational assumption of trait‐based ecology. This assumption is, however, not supported by a strong empirical base. Here, we measured simultaneously two individual performance metrics (survival and growth), seven traits and 10 environmental properties for each of 3981 individuals of 205 species in a 50‐ha stem‐mapped subtropical forest. We then modelled survival/growth as a function of traits, environments and trait × environment interactions, and quantified their relative importance at both the species and individual levels. We found evidence of alternative functional designs and multiple performance peaks along environmental gradients, indicating the presence of complicated trait × environment interactions. However, such interactions were relatively unimportant in our site, which had relatively low environmental variations. Moreover, individual performance was not better predicted, and trait × environment interactions were not more likely detected, at the individual level than at the species level. Although the trait × environment interactions might be safely ignored in relatively homogeneous environments, we encourage future studies to test the interactive effects of traits and environments on individual performances and lifelong fitness at larger spatial scales or along experimentally manipulated environmental gradients.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The complexity of trait–environment performance landscapes in a local subtropical forest

Jiang

Shipley

et al. 2020

New Phytologist

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“…We quantified spatial variation in soil moisture within each site half because soil moisture is a key environmental variable that can mediate plant establishment in tallgrass prairies (Grman et al 2015, Zirbel and Brudvig 2020). Soil moisture was measured twice per week during the first growing season in each 25‐m 2 plot using an ML3 ThetaProbe (Dynamax, Houston, TX).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Species pool size alters species–area relationships during experimental community assembly

Catano

Grman

Behrens

et al. 2020

Ecology

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The species pool concept has advanced our understanding for how biodiversity is coupled at local and regional scales. However, it remains unclear how species pool size, the number of species available to disperse to a site, influences community assembly across spatial scales. We provide one of the first studies that assesses diversity across scales after experimentally assembling grassland communities from species pools of different sizes. We show that species pool size causes scale‐dependent effects on diversity in grasslands undergoing restoration by altering the shape of the species–area relationship (SAR). Specifically, larger species pools increased the slope of the SAR, but not the intercept, suggesting that dispersal from a larger pool causes species to be more spatially aggregated. This increased aggregation appears to be caused by sampling effects due to fewer individuals arriving per species, rather than stronger species sorting across variation in soil moisture. These scale‐dependent effects suggest that studies evaluating species pools at a single, small scale may underestimate their effects, thereby contributing to uncertainty about the importance of regional processes for community assembly and their consequences for ecological restoration.

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“…If restoration goals FIGURE 2 | For each step of seed-based wetland restoration, significant revegetation challenges persist and there are numerous opportunities for future research directions. 1 (Broadhurst et al, 2008); 2 (Merritt and Dixon, 2011); 3 (Basey et al, 2015); 4 ; 5 (Suding, 2011); 6 (Butterfield et al, 2017); 7 (Havens et al, 2015); 8 (Hufford and Mazer, 2003); 9 (Broadhurst et al, 2016); 10 (James et al, 2011); 11 (Hess et al, 2019); 12 (Holl and Aide, 2011); 13 (Byun et al, 2013); 14 (Doherty et al, 2011); 15 (Oliver et al, 2015); 16 (Kettenring et al, 2019b); 17 (McKay et al, 2005); 18 (White et al, 2018); 19 (Walck et al, 2011); 20 (Peralta et al, 2017); 21 (Tilley and Hoag, 2006); 22 (Unsworth et al, 2019); 23 (Larson and Funk, 2016); 24 (Zirbel and Brudvig, 2020); 25 (Daniel et al, 2019); 26 (Cleland et al, 2015); 27 (Reinhardt Adams and ; 28 (van Katwijk et al, 2016); 29 (Smith-Cartwright and Chow-Fraser, 2011); 30 (Taddeo and Dronova, 2020).…”

Section: Factors Influencing the Need To Seedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Need to Seed? Ecological, Genetic, and Evolutionary Keys to Seed-Based Wetland Restoration

Kettenring

Tarsa

2020

Front. Environ. Sci.

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As we approach the Decade of Ecosystem Restoration (2021-2030), there is renewed focus on improving wetland restoration practices to reestablish the habitat and climate mitigation functions and services that wetlands provide. A first step in restoring these functions and services is to reestablish the native vegetation structure and composition through strategic seed-based approaches. These approaches should be driven by ecological, genetic, and evolutionary principles, along with consideration for economics, logistics, and other social constraints. Effective seed-based approaches must consider the chosen species, seed sourcing, dormancy break and germination requirements, seed enhancement technologies, potential invaders, seeding densities, and long-term monitoring. Choice of species should reflect historical plant communities and future environmental conditions, species that support functional goals including invasion resistance, and seed availability constraints. Furthermore, seeds should be sourced to ensure ample genetic diversity to support multifunctionality and evolutionary capacity while also considering the broad natural dispersal of many wetland species. The decision to collect wild seeds or purchase seeds will also impact species choice and genetic diversity, which can have cascading effects for functional goals. To ensure seedling establishment, seed dormancy should be addressed through dormancy breaking treatments and the potentially narrow germination requirements of some species will require targeted sowing timing and location to align with safe sites. Other seed enhancements such as priming and coatings are poorly developed for wetland restoration and their potential for improving establishment is unknown. Because wetlands are highly invasion prone, potential invaders and their legacies should be addressed. Seeding densities should strike a balance between outcompeting invaders and preserving valuable seed resources. Invader control and long-term monitoring is key to improving revegetation and restoration. Here, we review scientific advances to improve revegetation outcomes, and provide methods and recommendations to help achieve the desired goals. Gaps in knowledge about seed-based wetland restoration currently exist, however, and untested practices will certainly increase risks in future efforts. These efforts can be used to better understand the ecological, genetic, and evolutionary processes related to wetland seeds, which will bring us one step closer to seed-based restoration of functions and services needed for human and ecological communities.

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Trait–environment interactions affect plant establishment success during restoration

Cited by 46 publications

References 51 publications

The complexity of trait–environment performance landscapes in a local subtropical forest

The complexity of trait–environment performance landscapes in a local subtropical forest

Species pool size alters species–area relationships during experimental community assembly

Need to Seed? Ecological, Genetic, and Evolutionary Keys to Seed-Based Wetland Restoration

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