Trait anxiety and pessimistic appraisal of risk and chance

Stöber, Joachim

doi:10.1016/s0191-8869(96)00232-2

Cited by 66 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Our hypotheses were partially supported by these data. As OC symptoms increased, severity estimation increased, which is consistent with previous research in which anxious people overestimated the severity of negative events (Butler and Mathews, 1983;McNally and Foa, 1987;Lucock and Salkovskis, 1988;Tripp et al, 1995;Foa et al, 1996;Stöber, 1997). The magnitude of this effect was large (0.51) for the patient sample, and medium (0.34) for the student sample (Cohen, 1988).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…Further, most research on anxiety disorders other than OCD, and on trait anxiety, shows that anxious, compared to non-anxious, people expect that future negative events are both more likely and more costly (e.g. Mathews, 1983, 1987;McNally and Foa, 1987;Lucock and Salkovskis, 1988;Tripp et al, 1995;Foa et al, 1996;Eysenck and Derakshan, 1997;Stöber, 1997). Evidence also…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Obsessive compulsive (OC) symptoms and subjective severity, probability, and coping ability estimations of future negative events

Woods

Frost

Steketee

2002

Clin Psychology and Psychoth

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This paper describes two studies in which 18 participants with OCD (Study 1) and 73 students (Study 2) rated the subjective probability and severity of future negative events, as well as their anticipated coping ability. The negative events were idiographic in that participants wrote and rated events that were particularly salient to them personally. In both samples, results indicated that, as OC symptoms increased, severity estimation increased and coping ability decreased. However, probability estimation increased with OC symptoms in the student sample, but not in the OCD sample. Results also suggested that OC symptoms may relate to the product of probability and severity, divided by coping ability. Regression results indicated that higher probability estimation for students, and worse predicted coping ability for OCD patients, was the most predictive of OC symptoms. Findings are discussed in the context of cognitive theory of OCD.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Obsessive compulsive (OC) symptoms and subjective severity, probability, and coping ability estimations of future negative events

Woods

Frost

Steketee

2002

Clin Psychology and Psychoth

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“…Precisely, emotionality had a consistent direct effect on risk perception across all risk domains, consistent with past research investigating the link between neuroticism (and related traits) and risk perceptions (e.g., Butler & Matthews, 1987;Gasper & Clore, 1998;Peters & Slovic, 1996;Stöber, 1997). In addition, within the recreational domain, emotionality showed a significant negative direct effect on risk taking, and this effect was partially mediated through risk perceptions.…”

Section: Personality and Risk Taking: Common Threads Across Risk Domainssupporting

confidence: 86%

“…Moreover, Butler and Matthews (1987) found evidence to suggest that anxious individuals possessed a generalized tendency to over-estimate risk. Additionally, Stöber (1997) found that trait anxiety influenced individuals' assessment of subjective probabilities and utilities for both positive and negative events. Gasper and Clore (1998) argued that these specific biases are generated by means of a more general heightened attentional bias.…”

Section: Emotionalitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicting domain‐specific risk taking with the HEXACO personality structure

Weller

Tikir

2011

Behavioral Decision Making

160

121

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Although risk taking traditionally has been viewed as a unitary, stable individual difference variable, emerging evidence in behavioral decision-making research suggests that risk taking is a domain-specific construct. Utilizing a psychological risk-return framework that regresses risk taking on the perceived benefits and perceived riskiness of an activity (Weber & Milliman, 1997), this study examined the relations between risk attitude and broad personality dimensions using the new HEXACO personality framework (Lee & Ashton, 2004) across four risk domains. This personality framework, which has been replicated in lexical studies in over 12 natural languages, assess personality over six broad personality dimensions, as opposed to the traditional Five-Factor Model, or ''Big Five.'' Through path analysis, we regressed risk taking in four separate domains on risk perceptions, perceived benefits, and the six HEXACO dimensions. Across all risk domains, we found that the emotionality dimension was associated with heightened risk perceptions and high conscientiousness was associated with less perceived benefits. We also report several unique patterns of domain-specific relations between the HEXACO dimensions and risk attitude. Specifically, openness was associated with risk taking and perceived benefits for social and recreational risks, whereas lower honesty/humility was associated with greater health/safety and ethical risk taking. These findings extend our understanding of how individuals approach risk across a variety of contexts, and further highlight the utility of honesty/humility, a dimension not recovered in Big Five models, in individual differences research.

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“…ou du P.C., lorsque l'événement anxiogène est proche plutôt qu'éloigné. Un certain nombre de travaux suggère que les comparaisons intergroupes ont des effets d'autant plus forts sur les jugements des sujets que leur identité est menacée (e.g., Crocker & Major, 1989 (Lechner & Rosenthal, 1984 ;Lord et al, 1994 (Butler & Mathews, 1987 ;Stöber, 1997 …”

Section: Figure 1bunclassified