Trait and state anxiety are mapped differently in the human brain

Saviola, Francesca; Pappaianni, Edoardo; Monti, Alessia; Grecucci, Alessandro; Jovicich, Jorge; Pisapia, Nicola De

doi:10.1038/s41598-020-68008-z

Cited by 132 publications

(104 citation statements)

References 73 publications

(81 reference statements)

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“…Anxiety is often experienced together with depression and is often assessed using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI 1/STAI 2). State anxiety is the fluid, fluctuating, and temporary emotional state that responds via autonomic stimulation to a specific event, while trait anxiety is a stable attribute of personality and may be associated with psychopathological conditions [ 92 ]. The STAI 1/STAI 2 consists of 40 self-reported items, and a high score indicates an anxious individual.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multifaceted Sexual Dysfunction in Dialyzing Men and Women: Pathophysiology, Diagnostics, and Therapeutics

Chou

Kiebalo

Jagiello

et al. 2021

Life

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Patient survival continues to increase with the growing quality of dialysis and management of chronic kidney disease (CKD). As such, chronic therapy must include considerations of quality of life (QOL), and this includes the disproportionate prevalence of sexual dysfunction (SD) in this patient population. This review aims to describe the pathophysiological and the psychosocial causes of SD with regard to renal replacement therapy, particularly hemo- and peritoneal dialysis. The differences in its manifestation in men and women are compared, including hormonal imbalances—and therefore fertility, libido, and sexual satisfaction—the experience of depression and anxiety, and QOL. The impact of comorbidities and the iatrogenic causes of SD are described. This review also presents validated scales for screening and diagnosis of SD in CKD patients and outlines novel therapies and strategies for the effective management of SD. Increased prevalence of CKD invariably increases the number of patients with SD, and it is crucial for health care professional teams to become familiar with the clinical tools used to manage this sensitive and under-quantified field. As a known predictor of QOL, sexual function should become a point of focus in the pursuit of patient-centered care, particularly as we seek to achieve as “normal” a life as possible for individuals who receive dialysis.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multifaceted Sexual Dysfunction in Dialyzing Men and Women: Pathophysiology, Diagnostics, and Therapeutics

Chou

Kiebalo

Jagiello

et al. 2021

Life

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“…Recent neuroscientific research strengthens this separation theory, showing that different brain areas become active in people with high scores either on the anxiety trait or anxiety state (Saviola et al , 2020 ; Sylvester et al , 2012 ). However, the two types have a close interaction, especially during threatening situations (Leal et al , 2017 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

How anxious did you feel during lockdown? The roles resilience, living environment, and gender play on the level of anxiety state during pandemic isolation

Rotarescu

Matei

Mircea

et al. 2021

ResPsy

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In the unique context of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, researchers and clinicians alike drew attention to the risks involved by physical and social isolation for mental health. Factors like resilience, gender, urban/rural environment, or preexisting anxiety can impact anxious states produced by home forced isolation. Based on these, we assumed that: i) there are significant differences in the level of anxiety (state) during the pandemic, depending on the living area of the subjects; ii) gender plays a moderating role in the relationship between resilience and anxiety; and iii) anxiety (trait), experiential avoidance, resilience, and family connectedness, determine the level of anxiety (state). The MemoryLab team conducted the present study on 495 subjects (n=411 women, age between 18 and 65). Of these, 350 live in large and medium urban areas, 63 in small urban areas, and 82 in rural areas. As instruments, we used The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI 2.0), The Acceptance and Action Questionnaire 2 (AAQ-2), The Aggression Questionnaire (AQ), The Family Connectedness Questionnaire, and Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale 10 (CD-RISC-10), as well as the standard division of living areas according to community size. Data collection took place online during the spring peak of the pandemic. According to ANOVA analysis, people living in small urban areas have a higher level of anxiety. The difference is significant compared to those living in large and medium cities and villages. Gender has no moderating role in the relationship between resilience and the anxiety state. Also, experiential avoidance, anxiety (trait), and resilience play a significant role on the level of anxiety (state), measured during social isolation. The results could be an important indicator for understanding psychological mechanisms guiding interventions to support the communities effectively.

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“…Associations with behavioral-cognitive traits such as intelligence, neuroticism and worry showed broader patterns of sharing with brain shape across multiple regions, reflecting the presumed involvement of distributed cortical regions in these traits [59][60][61] (Figure 3b).…”

Section: Genome-wide Sharing Of Signals With Neuropsychiatric Disordementioning

confidence: 99%

Shared heritability of face and brain shape distinct from cognitive traits

Naqvi

Sleyp²,

Hoskens³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Evidence from both model organisms and clinical genetics suggests close coordination between the developing brain and face1–8, but it remains unknown whether this developmental link extends to genetic variation that drives normal-range diversity of face and brain shape. Here, we performed a multivariate genome-wide association study of cortical surface morphology in 19,644 European-ancestry individuals and identified 472 genomic loci influencing brain shape at multiple levels. We discovered a substantial overlap of these brain shape association signals with those linked to facial shape variation, with 76 common to both. These shared loci include transcription factors with cell-intrinsic roles in craniofacial development, as well as members of signaling pathways involved in brain-face crosstalk. Brain shape heritability is equivalently enriched near regulatory regions active in either brain organoids or in facial progenitor cells. However, brain shape association signals shared with face shape are distinct from those shared with behavioral-cognitive traits or neuropsychiatric disorder risk. Together, we uncover common genetic variants and candidate molecular players underlying brain-face interactions. We propose that early in embryogenesis, the face and the brain mutually shape each other through a combination of structural effects and paracrine signaling, but this interplay may have little impact on later brain development associated with cognitive function.

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Trait and state anxiety are mapped differently in the human brain

Cited by 132 publications

References 73 publications

Multifaceted Sexual Dysfunction in Dialyzing Men and Women: Pathophysiology, Diagnostics, and Therapeutics

Multifaceted Sexual Dysfunction in Dialyzing Men and Women: Pathophysiology, Diagnostics, and Therapeutics

How anxious did you feel during lockdown? The roles resilience, living environment, and gender play on the level of anxiety state during pandemic isolation

Shared heritability of face and brain shape distinct from cognitive traits

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