Training voluntary motor suppression with real-time feedback of motor evoked potentials

Majid, D. S. Adnan; Lewis, Catherine E.; Aron, Adam R.

doi:10.1152/jn.00992.2014

Cited by 23 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 42 publications

(39 reference statements)

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“…UP training, in particular, resulted in an 83.8% increase of MEP amplitudes from baseline, while downregulation of MEP amplitude was possible eg. see 29 but more difficult (30.6% decrease from baseline). Once acquired, volitional control of corticomotor excitability was retained for at least 6 months and could be performed even without online feedback indicating true, long-term learning 33 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Previous studies have shown that it is possible to gain voluntary control over activity in the central nervous system if appropriate neurofeedback is embedded in a reinforcement learning task, with food rewards for animals 14,15 and visually rewarding stimuli for humans 19,29 . Here we confirm that this approach is also suitable for learning how corticomotor excitability can be bidirectionally up- or down- regulated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Here we confirm that this approach is also suitable for learning how corticomotor excitability can be bidirectionally up- or down- regulated. Our participants were initially familiarized with two motor imagery strategies which are known to modulate corticospinal excitability in the required manner 29-32 . Learning, however, indicated by progressively stronger dissociation between the UP and the DOWN state, only took place when direct low-latency feedback regarding the MEP amplitude was provided.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Participants were instructed to attend to the feedback and that the goal was to increase (or decrease) the size of the MEP represented by the bar. Prior to the experiment participants read an instruction sheet explaining the procedures above and providing recommended mental strategies that were reported in previous literature in which corticospinal excitability was downregulated 29 and upregulated 31 by motor imagery (Specific task instructions are provided in Supplementary Material). Initially the criterion amplitude corresponded to the baseline MEP measure.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

A different state of mind: neural activity related to volitionally up- versus downregulating cortical excitability

Ruddy

Balsters

Mantini

et al. 2018

Preprint

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55To date there exists no reliable method to non-invasively upregulate or downregulate 56 the state of the resting motor system over a large dynamic range. Here we show that 57 an operant conditioning paradigm which provides neurofeedback of the size of motor 58 evoked potentials (MEPs) in response to transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), 59 enables participants to self-modulate their own brain state. Following training, 60 participants were able to robustly increase (by 83.8%) and decrease (by 30.6%) their 61 MEP amplitudes. This volitional up-versus downregulation of corticomotor 62 excitability caused an increase of late-cortical disinhibition (LCD), a read-out of 63 presynaptic GABA B disinhibition which was accompanied by an increase of gamma 64 and a decrease of alpha oscillations in the trained hemisphere. This approach paves 65 the way for future investigations into how altered brain state influences motor 66 neurophysiology and recovery of function in a neurorehabilitation context. 67 68 69 70 71 72Introduction 73 74Rhythmic oscillatory brain activity at rest is associated with high versus low 75 neuronal responsiveness, or 'excitability' of a region 1,2 . Measuring these momentary 76 fluctuations of neural activity via electro-or magnetoencephalography (EEG/MEG) 77 over human primary motor cortex (M1), it has been demonstrated that frequency, 78 amplitude and phase of the ongoing oscillation cycle systematically modulate 79 responses evoked by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) 3-5 6-8 . In particular, it 80 has been shown that corticomotor excitability is significantly higher when the power 81 (amplitude) of sensorimotor rhythms in the alpha band (8-14 Hz, also called the 'mu'-82 rhythm), or beta band (15-30 Hz) are low, or when M1 is stimulated during the 83 trough of the oscillatory cycle of these rhythms 9 . This concept has inspired 84 neurofeedback interventions whereby, for example, stroke patients learn to 85 volitionally desynchronize sensorimotor rhythms with the goal of bringing the 86 sensorimotor system into a more excitable state as a precursor for enhanced neural 87 plasticity and accelerated recovery 10-12 . 88 89 Previous research has focussed on interactions between corticomotor 90 excitability and cortical dynamics at rest, but much less is known about whether it is 91 possible to voluntarily control the excitability of sensorimotor circuits while keeping 92 motor output and sensory feedback constant. In the case of stroke rehabilitation, this 93 mechanism may become particularly relevant as patients are unable to move or 94 receive sensory feedback from the paretic limb. Therefore, interventions that 95 optimally harness the residual ability to voluntarily and endogenously activate 96 relevant brain circuits in the days and weeks early after the incident, may provide the 97 crucial innervation necessary to promote re-wiring for functional recovery 13 . 98 99It is well known that primates 14,15 , and humans 10,eg. 16-19 can gain volitional 100 control of neural activity by...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

A different state of mind: neural activity related to volitionally up- versus downregulating cortical excitability

Ruddy

Balsters

Mantini

et al. 2018

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Although most published TMS studies investigate cortical physiology at rest, some groups have examined cortical excitability/inhibition during mental preparation for action 10 and during different cognitive states that may be reflected in motor cortex physiology. 11,12,13,14 This functional TMS (fTMS) approach requires online TMS measurements while participants are performing behavioral tasks, thus allowing one to probe cortical changes that are state-dependent with high temporal resolution. Providing real-time information on neurophysiologic changes in such a manner broadens the physiologic investigation of motor control 15,16 and neuropsychiatric conditions 17,18,19,20 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Online Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Protocol for Measuring Cortical Physiology Associated with Response Inhibition

Guthrie

Gilbert

Huddleston

et al. 2018

JoVE

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We describe the development of a reproducible, child-friendly motor response inhibition task suitable for online Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) characterization of primary motor cortex (M1) excitability and inhibition. Motor response inhibition prevents unwanted actions and is abnormal in several neuropsychiatric conditions. TMS is a non-invasive technology that can quantify M1 excitability and inhibition using single-and paired-pulse protocols and can be precisely timed to study cortical physiology with high temporal resolution. We modified the original Slater-Hammel (S-H) stop signal task to create a “racecar” version with TMS pulses time-locked to intra-trial events. This task is self-paced, with each trial initiating after a button push to move the racecar towards the 800 ms target. GO trials require a finger-lift to stop the racecar just before this target. Interspersed randomly are STOP trials (25%) during which the dynamically adjusted stop signal prompts subjects to prevent finger-lift. For GO trials, TMS pulses were delivered at 650 ms after trial onset; whereas, for STOP trials, the TMS pulses occurred 150 ms after the stop signal. The timings of the TMS pulses were decided based on electroencephalography (EEG) studies showing event-related changes in these time ranges during stop signal tasks. This task was studied in 3 blocks at two study sites (n=38) and we recorded behavioral performance and event-related motor-evoked potentials (MEP). Regression modelling was used to analyze MEP amplitudes using age as a covariate with multiple independent variables (sex, study site, block, TMS pulse condition [single- vs. paired-pulse], trial condition [GO, successful STOP, failed STOP]). The analysis showed that TMS pulse condition (p<0.0001) and its interaction with trial condition (p=0.009) were significant. Future applications for this online S-H/TMS paradigm include the addition of simultaneous EEG acquisition to measure TMS-evoked EEG potentials. A potential limitation is that in children, the TMS pulse sound could affect behavioral task performance.

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Short-term facilitation effects elicited by cortical priming through theta burst stimulation and functional electrical stimulation of upper-limb muscles

et al. 2022

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Training voluntary motor suppression with real-time feedback of motor evoked potentials

Abstract: Majid DS, Lewis C, Aron AR. Training voluntary motor suppression with real-time feedback of motor evoked potentials.

Cited by 23 publications

References 42 publications

A different state of mind: neural activity related to volitionally up- versus downregulating cortical excitability

A different state of mind: neural activity related to volitionally up- versus downregulating cortical excitability

Online Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Protocol for Measuring Cortical Physiology Associated with Response Inhibition

Short-term facilitation effects elicited by cortical priming through theta burst stimulation and functional electrical stimulation of upper-limb muscles

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