Training Systems and Sustainable Orchard Management for European Pear (Pyrus communis L.) in the Mediterranean Area: A Review

Musacchi, Stefano; Iglésias, Ignasi; Neri, Davide

doi:10.3390/agronomy11091765

Cited by 46 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 73 publications

(145 reference statements)

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“…According to the previous reports, B is crucial for floral bud differentiation by participating in cell wall development and membrane maintenance [42,43]; furthermore, its translocation via phloem is assisted with the presence of sorbitol in Rosaceae family plants, including pear [12,44]. Our results also found that B was typically decreased in wizened buds than in normal buds (Table S1).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Morpho-Physiological and Transcriptome Analyses Provide Insights into the Wizened Bud Formation in Pear Trees

Shi

Hussain

et al. 2022

Agronomy

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Wizened buds are frequently observed in pear (Pyrus spp.) trees, which greatly reduces the yield. However, little is known about the mechanism of wizened bud formation. Here, we analyzed physiological and transcriptomic differences between normal buds and wizened buds of ‘710’ pear trees. The results indicated that the sorbitol and boron (B) contents, during bud differentiation, were significantly reduced in wizened buds. The microscopic observation and transcriptome analysis revealed that the collapse of the organ structure and cell wall loosening process may have a close relation with wizened bud formation. Moreover, reduced transcript levels of PpyMYB39.1 and its downstream genes (PpyHT1, PpyHT2, PpyPMEI1 and PpyPMEI2) were found in wizened buds. However, the transcript levels of pentose and glucuronate interconversion pathway genes (PpyPME3, PpyPL18.1, PpyPL18.2, PpyPG1 and PpyPG2) and the concentration of pectin-degradation-related enzymes were increased in wizened buds. Correspondingly, the pectin concentration was significantly reduced in wizened buds. Taken together, PpyMYB39.1 may promote pectin degradation and decrease carbohydrate transport by regulating its downstream genes and is supposed to play a vital role in the wizened bud formation resulting from the cell wall loosening process. Our study provides fundamental insights into wizened bud formation and strategies to reduce the wizened bud occurrence in pear trees.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Morpho-Physiological and Transcriptome Analyses Provide Insights into the Wizened Bud Formation in Pear Trees

Shi

Hussain

et al. 2022

Agronomy

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“…Generally, the proportion of pear orchards with a high inputs was relatively large; for example, the nitrogen input to these orchards was 3 to 4 times that of orchards in developed countries under the same yield conditions (Mitcham and Elkins, 2007). However, pear orchard production in Beijing is lower than that in developed countries (Musacchi et al, 2021). Therefore, it is necessary to apply fertilizers reasonably according to the target yield and the nutrient demand characteristics of the growth in pear orchards in Beijing.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Nutrient Input and Soil Nutrient Profit and Loss of Pear Orchards in Beijing

Liang

Sun

et al. 2022

horts

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To understand the soil nutrient status of pear orchards in Beijing, we investigated their fertilization situation, including the fertilizer type, amount, and period. Furthermore, soil samples were collected at a depth of 0 to 40 cm to determine the contents of soil nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. The status of nutrient profits and losses was analyzed. The results showed that 50% of the pear orchards received organic fertilizer as a single nutrient source, and 35.7% of the pear orchards received a combined application of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer. Most pear orchards received organic fertilizer in autumn, but the application of chemical fertilizer occurred mainly before germination and during fruit expansion. The average nutrient input to the investigated pear orchards was 569.6 kg/ha for N, 855.0 kg/ha for P2O5, and 448.1 kg/ha for K2O, and the corresponding proportion of organic fertilizer was 76.9%, 88.0%, and 85.8%, respectively. However, the pear orchards had surpluses of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, with average surplus amounts as high as 445.5, 794.3, and 321.4 kg/ha, respectively. Among all pear orchards surveyed, 93.33% faced environmental risks and 37.04% faced leaching risks. The average content of soil phosphorus was 2.23 times its critical value, and 64.29% of the studied pear orchards exceeded the critical value. Most pear orchards had surplus potassium, with 26.92% exceeding 500 kg/ha. This study provides a basis for soil improvement, high-quality production of fruits, and efficient utilization of pear orchards in Beijing.

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“…The cv. 'Conference' (Figure 2) was chosen as the reference, being the primary cultivar at the European level (EU28, before Brexit) [18]. Fruits were purchased from a local market because no commercial pear varieties are grown in the region due to the hot climate and low summer rainfall.…”

Section: Plant Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Valorization of a Local Italian Pear (Pyrus communis L. cv. ‘Petrucina’)

Frontini,

Negro,

Accogli

et al. 2024

Foods

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In recent decades, the food production chain has undergone transformations that have profoundly affected the way food is supplied, causing changes in the quality of the final products. Moreover, biodiversity is seriously threatened worldwide, and the valorization of local germplasm is a priority goal for most sectorial policies in Europe and elsewhere. Southern Italy and the Mediterranean basin present a vast heritage of fruit tree cultivars that is gradually being lost. Through this work, we aim to valorize a well-adapted local pear cultivar named Petrucina from the Salento area (southeastern Italy, Apulia region), which has never been studied before in detail. With this aim, the nutritional and nutraceutical features of pear flesh were characterized and compared with a reference pear cultivar that is widespread and well-known in Europe (cv. ‘Conference’). Petrucina fruits have shown a peculiar aromatic compound profile, and a content of up to 398.3, 30.9, and 4.7 mg/100 g FW of malic acid, citric acid, and ascorbic acid, respectively, much higher than that of Conference fruits. Additionally, Petrucina flesh presents a more than triple total phenolic content and an antioxidant activity more than double that of Conference, making Petrucina a true functional food that deserves wide appreciation.

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Training Systems and Sustainable Orchard Management for European Pear (Pyrus communis L.) in the Mediterranean Area: A Review

Cited by 46 publications

References 73 publications

Morpho-Physiological and Transcriptome Analyses Provide Insights into the Wizened Bud Formation in Pear Trees

Morpho-Physiological and Transcriptome Analyses Provide Insights into the Wizened Bud Formation in Pear Trees

Analysis of Nutrient Input and Soil Nutrient Profit and Loss of Pear Orchards in Beijing

Valorization of a Local Italian Pear (Pyrus communis L. cv. ‘Petrucina’)

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