Training Patterns and Mental Health of Bodybuilders and Fitness Athletes During the First Lockdown of the COVID-19 Pandemic—A Cross-Sectional Study

Iff, Samuel; Fröhlich, Stefan; Halioua, Robin; Imboden, Christian; Spörri, Jörg; Scherr, Johannes; Butzke, Ingo; Seifritz, Erich; Claussen, Malte Christian

doi:10.3389/fspor.2022.867140

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…While some studies have investigated the effects of COVID-19 on physical fitness in children 10 , research focusing on standardised fitness testing in adult populations is scarcer due to insufficient data. Moreover, most studies that have examined this topic have relied on subjective fitness questionnaires to assess acute changes 11 , 12 . Although qualitative research has provided valuable insights into how individuals’ behaviours might be affected by the pandemic and lockdowns, it falls short of providing an accurate representation of fitness changes compared with objective measurements.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The long-term impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on physical fitness in young adults: a historical control study

Ripley-Gonzalez,

Zhou,

Zeng

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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The strength of evidence regarding long-term changes to fitness resulting from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) lockdowns is deficient. This two-site retrospective study aimed to investigate the long-term changes in physical fitness among young adults a year after the onset of the pandemic using a robust historical control. University freshmen who underwent physical fitness tests in 2019 and completed a follow-up in 2020 (study group) were included. The primary focus was to compare the current cohort with a historical control group who completed the same tests a year prior (2018). A total of 5376 individuals were recruited, of which 2239 were in the study group. Compared with the control, the study group exhibited a decrease in anaerobic fitness, with an overall difference of −0.84 (95% confidence interval [CI], [−1.33 to −0.36]); declines in aerobic fitness, with a difference of −2.25 [−3.92 to −0.57] for males and −4.28 [−4.97 to −3.59] for females; a reduced explosive fitness (−2.68 [−3.24 to −2.12]); and a decreased upper-body strength in females (−1.52 [−2.16 to −0.87]). The fitness of young adults has been considerably compromised by COVID-19 lockdowns, highlighting the importance of promoting physical activity to prevent long-term health implications.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The long-term impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on physical fitness in young adults: a historical control study

Ripley-Gonzalez,

Zhou,

Zeng

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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“…The study discovered that BoFA members’ financial worries increased during the lockdown, with about 32% of them depending on their athletic endeavors for income. BoFA also scored highly on measures of depression, insomnia, and anxiety, which may be due to the loss of the protective effect of physical activity on mental health or the psychological impact of being unable to train (11). Finally, the study found that individuals at risk for muscle dysmorphia performed worse and scored higher on tests of anxiety, insomnia, and depression compared to those without the disorder (11).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Body dysmorphic-induced Androgenic Anabolic Steroids usage and its association with mental health outcomes

Gawash

Zia

2023

Preprint

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This systematic review aims to examine the relationship between body dysmorphic disorder (BDD), anabolic-androgenic steroid (AAS) use, and mental health outcomes. Previous research has suggested that individuals with BDD may be more likely to abuse AAS due to their preoccupation with appearance, but AAS use may worsen mental health issues in this population. The review will also consider potential interventions and treatments that may help mitigate the detrimental effects of AAS use in individuals with BDD. The review will include only published literature and will utilize electronic databases from a variety of databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and PsycINFO. Two reviewers independently screened studies for inclusion, extract data, and assessed the quality of the evidence. The findings of this review will provide important insights into the complex relationship between BDD, AAS use, and mental health outcomes, and will inform the development of effective interventions and treatments for individuals with BDD who may be considering AAS use.

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“…The concern for physical appearance and aesthetics is a phenomenon that is increasingly common today. In fact, dissatisfaction with physical appearance and the pursuit of aesthetic perfection can have serious consequences for individuals’ health [ 4 ]. Body satisfaction plays a crucial role in mental health, contributing to self-esteem and overall well-being [ 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender Differences in Body Satisfaction Perception: The Role of Nutritional Habits, Psychological Traits, and Physical Activity in a Strength-Training Population

Jimenez-Morcillo,

Clemente-Suárez

2023

Nutrients

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The objective of this study is to examine gender disparities in body satisfaction perception, emphasizing the influence of nutritional habits, psychometric assessments, levels of physical activity, and health-related metrics. Employing a sample of 605 strength-trained participants (385 males and 224 females), aged between 20 and 35 years, and regularly engaged in strength training, we conducted a thorough analysis using Google Forms. We evaluated variables including age, anthropometric data, resistance training frequency, food consumption patterns, and psychological profiles. Our findings indicate significant gender-based differences in body satisfaction perception. Females tend to overestimate their muscular size and express heightened concern regarding gluteal shape, while males exhibit a more realistic self-perception, primarily focused on hip width. Dietary patterns also display gender-specific tendencies; females prefer healthier options like vegetables, whereas males consume more milk, fermented products, and carbohydrates. Hydration practices diverge as well, with females showing higher water intake in contrast to males’ preference for alcoholic and carbonated beverages. Psychologically, males demonstrate greater extroversion, while females exhibit higher conscientiousness, openness, and a tendency toward negative thoughts and anxiety. Regarding physical activity, females engage in training sessions with greater volume compared to males. This study highlights the intricate interplay of social, cultural, and personal factors shaping gender-specific perceptions of body satisfaction and their subsequent impact on health and lifestyle choices. These insights pave the way for future specialized interventions and research, underscoring the importance of understanding gender-specific nuances to promote healthy body satisfaction and self-perception.

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Training Patterns and Mental Health of Bodybuilders and Fitness Athletes During the First Lockdown of the COVID-19 Pandemic—A Cross-Sectional Study

Cited by 5 publications

References 24 publications

The long-term impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on physical fitness in young adults: a historical control study

The long-term impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on physical fitness in young adults: a historical control study

Body dysmorphic-induced Androgenic Anabolic Steroids usage and its association with mental health outcomes

Gender Differences in Body Satisfaction Perception: The Role of Nutritional Habits, Psychological Traits, and Physical Activity in a Strength-Training Population

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