Training and Oxygen Conductance in the Elderly. II. the Cardiovascular System

Niinimaa, V.; Shephard, Roy J.

doi:10.1093/geronj/33.3.362

Cited by 27 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…Our data show that neither endurance nor endurance and strength training increased cardiac output, stroke volume or arteriovenous oxygen difference of elderly women when these variables were calculated at 80% of V˙ O 2 peak . This finding is consistent with the previous data ( Nlinimaa & Shepard 1978, Seals et al . 1984 , Spina et al .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Cardiovascular and muscular adaptations to combined endurance and strength training in elderly women

Ferketich

Kirby

Alway

1998

Acta Physiologica Scandinavica

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Twenty-one women aged 60-75 years were examined to determine whether combined endurance and strength training resulted in greater increase in peak oxygen consumption, sub-maximal time to fatigue, cardiac output, stroke volume, and leg extension load when compared to endurance training alone. Subjects in both the endurance training (E) and endurance and strength (E & S) groups trained 3 days a week, for 12 weeks, at an intensity of 70-80% Vo2 peak for 30 min on a cycle ergometer. Subjects in the E & S groups also used resistance equipment to train the knee extensors. The workload for resistance training was based on an initial assessment of 10 repetitions maximum (10 RM), with 80% of that value used for training, three times weekly. Peak oxygen consumption increased to an average of 24.8 and 29.9% in the E and E & S groups, respectively, with no difference between groups. Subjects in the E & S and E groups significantly increased sub-maximal endurance time by 396 and 165%, respectively. Cardiac output, stroke volume, and arteriovenous oxygen difference at 80% peak VO2 were unchanged by either of the training methods. A needle biopsy was taken from the vastus lateralis before and after 12 weeks of training. Chi-square analysis of fibre area data showed an increase in the frequency of larger type I fibres in the post-training data from the E & S group, but an increase in the frequency of smaller fibres in the E group post-training; however, mean fibre area was not significantly changed by training. These data suggest that greater improvements in sub-maximal time to fatigue and strength is achieved when resistance training is added to an aerobic training programme in healthy elderly women.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Cardiovascular and muscular adaptations to combined endurance and strength training in elderly women

Ferketich

Kirby

Alway

1998

Acta Physiologica Scandinavica

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“…26 Older people also have difficulty in sustaining their stroke volume as maximal effort is approached (Figure 6). 27 Diastolic filling, and thus mitral valve closure, is delayed by a slowing of calcium uptake in the sarcoplasmic reticulum, 28 and a stiffening of the ventricular wall 29 , 30 . Preloading is further reduced by varicosities, a decrease in total blood volume, and poor venous tone.…”

Section: Reasons For Exercisingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The influence of age on cardiac function—a comparison of exercise responses between 25‐year‐old and 65‐year‐old subjects. Based on data of Niinimaa and Shephard, 27 illustration from Shephard, Physical Activity and Aging 1 . 25 years old; 65 years old…”

Section: Reasons For Exercisingmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Scientific Basis of Exercise Prescribing for the Very Old

Shephard¹

1990

J American Geriatrics Society

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“…duction Impaired baroreceptor and cardiopulmonary reflexes; syncope of unknown cause Decreased liver blood flow May need decreased dose of beta blockers, especially in smokers, not relevant to beta blockers primarily excreted by kidneys (applies to propranolol and metoprolol, not to atenolol, nadolol, and celiprolol). When glomerular filtration rate falls substantially (e.g., [25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35] ml/min), dose of water-soluble beta-blocker needs reduction (atenolol, nadolol, and celiprolol). Regarded by some as rationale for nombeta-blocker therapy in the elderly.…”

Section: Change Commentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In general, the heart rate decreases in the elderly [25,26]; in healthy subjects the bradycardia is compensated for by an increased stroke volume, so that the cardiac output is unchanged [25]. Nonetheless, there is a trend for the cardiac output to fall with age [27].…”

Section: Hemodgnamic Changes With Agementioning

confidence: 99%

Required beta blocker profile in the elderly

Opie

1991

Cardiovasc Drug Ther

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In the truly elderly, a complex balance between compensatory processes and impaired organ function allows reasonably normal physical function. It is argued that beta blockade should have certain desirable qualities to minimize any impairment of organ function, thereby upsetting the quality of life. Thus a simple pharmacokinetic pattern without hepatic metabolism is less likely to cause unexpected variation in blood levels of the beta blocking agents and to have fewer risks of interactions with other drugs including nicotine. Renal-excreted beta blockers--such as atenolol, nadolol, and celiprolol--do, however, need downward dose adjustment when the glomerular filtration rates fall. The elderly are frequently categorized as having a low renin profile, which in the view of some workers may make a vasodilatory beta blocker more desirable. Hemodynamic advantages of such agents include the prime site of attack in hypertension on the increased peripheral vascular resistance, increasingly fundamental with a prolonged duration of hypertension and therefore with the aging process. Furthermore, a normal heart rate with a sustained cardiac output may avoid symptomatic bradycardia. In the elderly, respiratory function may be impaired so that loss of elastic recoil causes elderly emphysema. A highly cardioselective beta blocker should be an advantage. Finally, minimal interference with glucose and lipid metabolism should also be desirable goals.

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Training and Oxygen Conductance in the Elderly. II. the Cardiovascular System

Cited by 27 publications

References 0 publications

Cardiovascular and muscular adaptations to combined endurance and strength training in elderly women

Cardiovascular and muscular adaptations to combined endurance and strength training in elderly women

The Scientific Basis of Exercise Prescribing for the Very Old

Required beta blocker profile in the elderly

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