Trained innate immunity, COVID-19 therapeutic dilemma, and fake science

Belizário, José Ernesto

doi:10.6061/clinics/2020/e2124

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 13 publications

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“…The spread of false news across various social networks is compared in certain studies. For instance, (Belizário, 2020) analyzes information from the social media sites "Twitter, Instagram, YouTube, and Reddit" to assess samples of information circulation concerning COVID-19. This inquiry also includes Gab.…”

Section: B Health Misinformation In Social Mediamentioning

confidence: 99%

Navigating Misinformation: Tackling The Fake News Wave During COVID-19 In Jaipur

Modi,

Mishra

2023

Kuey

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With the emergence of social media, there has been a notable change in how news is both created and consumed. Global social media use in 2020 reached around 2.95 billion individuals. The widespread dissemination of the COVID-19 coronavirus led to a surge of activity on social media. Most mediums were used to disseminate pertinent news, recommendations, and precautionary measures. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), unregulated dissemination of misinformation and conspiracy theories is proliferating at a faster pace than the transmission of the COVID-19 pandemic. Consequently, there has been an excessive amount of information circulating, causing psychological stress, unreliable medical advice, and economic upheaval. The primary objective of this study is to examine the portrayal of false information and assess the consequences it has had on the inhabitants of Jaipur city. The objective of this research is to identify various kinds of false information and examine the underlying motives of individuals who disseminate misleading material. This will be achieved by a comprehensive examination of content on four prominent social media platforms. This research analyzed 130 of the most widely circulated false news items on social media in Jaipur. Data is gathered from the city of Jaipur via the utilization of the four predominant social media platforms: Facebook, YouTube, Twitter, and WhatsApp. There are four distinct criteria that may be used to differentiate false news topics: COVID-19 therapy, medical facilities, therapeutic options, and currently accessible interventions. Hospitals' management of COVID-19 is widely misunderstood, including 34.62 percent of all misinformation. Text, images, audio, and videos are the four categories that categorize the many types of material. The proportion of text categorized as a certain kind contributes to the elevated ratio. The objectives of false news may be categorized into three main areas: generating sensationalism, endorsing certain medications, and disseminating propaganda targeting the government as well as hospitals and medical practitioners. While the occurrence of false news is unevenly distributed and constantly changing, there is a noticeable decline in the daily frequency of such episodes, approaching a conclusion.

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Section: B Health Misinformation In Social Mediamentioning

confidence: 99%

Navigating Misinformation: Tackling The Fake News Wave During COVID-19 In Jaipur

Modi,

Mishra

2023

Kuey

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Tuberculosis vaccine BCG: the magical effect of the old vaccine in the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic

Aspatwar

Gong

Wang

et al. 2021

International Reviews of Immunology

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Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is a live attenuated M. bovis vaccine that was developed about 100 years ago by Albert Calmette and Camille Guérin. Many countries have been using the vaccine for decades against tuberculosis (TB). The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends a single dose of BCG for infants in TB endemic as well as leprosy high risk countries, and globally almost 130 million infants are vaccinated yearly. The role of BCG is well known in reducing neonatal and childhood death rates. Epidemiological and retrospective cross-sectional studies demonstrated that the BCG vaccination protects the children against respiratory tract infections and lowers the risk of malaria in children. In addition, BCG enhances IFN-γ and IL-10 levels, thus providing immunity against respiratory tract infection even in elderly people. The BCG is also known to provide nonspecific innate immunity against viruses and parasites, through an innate immune mechanism termed ‘trained immunity’ and is defined as the immunological recall of the innate immune system by epigenetic reprogramming. Based on these studies it is suggested that the BCG has the potential to act as a protective agent against COVID-19. Further proven safety records of BCG in humans, its adjuvant activity and low-cost manufacturing make it an attractive option to stop the pandemic and reduce the COVID-19 related mortality. In this review we discuss the heterologous effects of BCG, induction of trained immunity and its implication in development of a potential vaccine against COVID-19 pandemic.

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Maintaining a ‘fit’ immune system: the role of vaccines

Laupèze

Doherty

2023

Expert Review of Vaccines

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Trained innate immunity, COVID-19 therapeutic dilemma, and fake science

Cited by 4 publications

References 13 publications

Navigating Misinformation: Tackling The Fake News Wave During COVID-19 In Jaipur

Navigating Misinformation: Tackling The Fake News Wave During COVID-19 In Jaipur

Tuberculosis vaccine BCG: the magical effect of the old vaccine in the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic

Maintaining a ‘fit’ immune system: the role of vaccines

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