Train@Train – A Case Study of Using Immersive Learning Environments for Health and Safety Training for the Austrian Railway Company

Digital Twin for Railway: A Comprehensive Survey

“…The majority of existing surveys largely center on infrastructure maintenance and management. Yet, DTRs offer potential benefits in health inspection [15], visualization [16], automation [17], and safety monitoring [18]. A more encompassing survey addressing a wider array of applications would help identify trends, challenges, and gaps in DTR systems.…”

“…Railway bridge Management of massive collected data (Store, interpret, transfer, visualize) Information privacy [43] Building DTs for a 9kV MVDC electric railway system MATLAB Electric Charging base [18] Training members on train DT afore being in place to expert the conditions and to avoid critical and risky situation. The concept of Multi-modal Interaction (MMI) is an integral part of DTs as it provides the capability to represent and simulate the physical system in a virtual environment, and potentially interact with this virtual representation [1].…”

“…While safety in fully automated vehicles may not be wellsuited for heavy freight railways, VR devices and 3D modelling tools can greatly impact remote training eliminating the need for real apparatus or in-person trainers. For example, VR apparatus such as head-mounted displays (HMD) and 3D representation tools like unity3D and toolkits like Hurricane VR have been used to provide a safe and full virtual experience for trainees [18]. In addition to preparing trainees, the virtual experience also contributes to monitoring and decision-making.…”

“…• Virtual Reality: Amongst virtual technologies, VR can be identified as the most prevalent. The technology's scope is to create an immersive digital environment with the intermediate of HMD, allowing users to interact with 3D representations, sound, and other sensory inputs, providing a feeling of being present in the virtual space as witnessed in [18] for train pre-operation health and safety training, for DTR management and control [66], and for permanent monitoring system [59]. Besides the lack of continuous real-time data, the challenge associated with equipment, including availability, cost, and long-term acceptability, further contributes to the existing obstacles.…”

“…In terms of virtual representation, game engines have played a significant role. Out of all the platforms, Unity3D the cross-platform game engine, was the sole platform used in the literature ( [15], [68], [18], [59], [67], and [69]) to develop and implement the researchers' DTR prototypes.…”