Trail Making Test as a screening device for the detection of brain damage.

Brown, Elizabeth F.; Casey, Albert; Fisch, R. I.; Neuringer, Charles

doi:10.1037/h0039980

Cited by 84 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 4 publications

(3 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…In contrast to what has been previously reported,29,37,39 our results suggest that significant cognitive impairment may occur starting from the early stages of chronic airway damage, even in relatively younger AS. The impact on cognition tends to increase with the worsening of the airway impairment, and was progressively greater in AS, CNOB, and COPD subjects.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…Cognition impairment was evaluated using four validated psychometric questionnaires:30 1) the Mini Mental Status test (MMSE), which assesses spatial and time orientation, attention, and calculation (normal score: ≥27 points; moderate cognitive impairment: 24–18 points; severe cognitive impairment: <18 points);35 2) the Clock Drawing test, which assesses memory, attention, and symbolic representation (normal score: 7–10 points; cognitive impairment: ≤6 points);36 3) the Trail Making test (TMT) A, which assesses visual processing and reproduction of numeric sequences (cognitive impairment: ≥94 seconds);37 and 4) the TMT B, which assesses cognition flexibility and shifting capacity (cognitive impairment: ≥283 seconds) 37…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Extent and prevalence of cognitive dysfunction in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic non-obstructive bronchitis, and in asymptomatic smokers, compared to normal reference values

Rw¹,

Bonadiman²,

Tognella³

et al. 2014

COPD

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) can affect cognition. The effects of other less severe chronic airway disorders on cognition remain to be clarified. This study aimed to measure and compare cognitive deterioration in subjects with COPD, subjects with chronic non-obstructive bronchitis (CNOB), and asymptomatic smokers (AS), and to relate the corresponding prevalence to several demographic and clinical variables and to normal reference values.MethodsFour hundred and two subjects (COPD n=229, CNOB n=127, and AS n=46) of comparable age were included in the study. Cognitive impairment was assessed using the Mini Mental Status test, the Clock Drawing test, and the Trail Making test A and B.ResultsThe extent and prevalence of cognitive deterioration was greater in COPD subjects, followed by CNOB subjects and AS (P<0.001). The Medical Research Council and COPD Assessment test scores, forced expiratory volume in the first second predicted, and arterial partial pressure of O2 and of CO2 were related to the extent and the prevalence of cognitive deterioration. COPD subjects, CNOB subjects, and AS aged 40–69 years showed the greatest cognitive impairment (P<0.01 compared to normal values). This was particularly clear in COPD subjects.ConclusionCognitive impairment may start at the early stages of chronic airway damage and progress with a worsening of the respiratory condition. Indeed, the greatest cognitive deterioration was seen in COPD subjects. Cognition impairment may contribute to explaining the insufficient adherence to therapeutic plans and strategies, and the increasing social costs in respiratory subjects.

show abstract

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extent and prevalence of cognitive dysfunction in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic non-obstructive bronchitis, and in asymptomatic smokers, compared to normal reference values

Rw¹,

Bonadiman²,

Tognella³

et al. 2014

COPD

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The following standardized tests were used to probe several aspects of cognitive function: MMSE (Folstein et al, 1975), Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB) (Dubois et al, 2000), Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive subscale (ADAS-cog) (Rosen et al, 1984), Trail Making Test (TMT) parts A and B (Brown et al, 1958), French version of the Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test (Grober et al, 1988;Van der Linden et al, 2004), and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living scale (IADL) (Pérès et al, 2006). The diagnosis of MCI was made during multidisciplinary meetings involving geriatricians, neurologists, and neuropsychologists of Angers University Memory Clinic, and was based on the aforementioned neuropsychological tests, physical examination findings, blood tests, and MRI of the brain.…”

Section: Neuropsychological Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hippocampal volume, early cognitive decline and gait variability: Which association?

Beauchet

Launay

Annweiler

et al. 2015

Experimental Gerontology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: In contrast to its prominent function in cognition, the involvement of the hippocampus in gait control is still a matter of debate. The present study aimed to examine the association of the hippocampal volume with mean values and coefficients of variation (CoV) of spatio-temporal gait parameters among cognitively healthy individuals (CHI) and patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Methods: A total of 90 individuals (47 CHI with a mean age of 69.7 ± 3.6 years and 48.9% women, and 43 MCI individuals with a mean age of 70.2 ± 3.7 years and 62.8% women) were included in this cross-sectional study. The hippocampal volume was quantified from a three-dimensional T 1 -weighted MRI using semiautomated software. Mean values and CoV of stride time, swing time and stride width were measured at selfselected pace with a 10 m electronic portable walkway (GAITRite®). Age, gender, body mass index, number of drugs daily taken, Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score, history of falls, walking speed and white matter signal-intensity abnormality scoring with Manolio scale were used as covariates. Results: Patients with MCI had a lower MMSE score (P b 0.001), a higher CoV of stride time (P = 0.013) and a lower hippocampal volume (P = 0.007) compared with CHI. Multiple linear regression models showed that CoV of stride time was specifically associated with higher hippocampal volume among CHI (P b 0.05) but not among patients with MCI (P N 0.650). Conclusions: Our findings revealed a positive association between a greater (i.e., better morphological structure) hippocampal volume and a greater (i.e., worse performance) stride time variability among CHI, but not among MCI individuals.

show abstract

“…Neuropsychological testing has played a role in the evaluation of 'borderline' neurpathology and neurological 'soft signs', by discriminating such patients from normals (1,4,34,35). However, its usefulness in discriminating between 'functional' psychiatric disturbance and 'organic' brain damage is as yet unproved (35).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

EEG Sleep Diagnosis of Medical Disease in Depression

Fink¹,

Foster²,

Kupfer³

et al. 1977

Neuropsychobiology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The diagnosis of medical disease in the context of a depressive syndrome which may mimic medical illness has traditionally relied on a combination of exhaustive medical screening and neuropsychological testing. When 10 patients with primary depression were compared to 10 patients whose depression occurred in the context of concurrent medical disease, a single EEG sleep variable, total phasic REM activity (RA), correctly identified 95% of all 20 patients as either primary depressives or medical patients with depression. Conventional psychiatric assessment and neuropsychological testing were significantly less powerful discriminators among this sample.

show abstract

Trail Making Test as a screening device for the detection of brain damage.

Cited by 84 publications

References 4 publications

Extent and prevalence of cognitive dysfunction in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic non-obstructive bronchitis, and in asymptomatic smokers, compared to normal reference values

Extent and prevalence of cognitive dysfunction in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic non-obstructive bronchitis, and in asymptomatic smokers, compared to normal reference values

Hippocampal volume, early cognitive decline and gait variability: Which association?

EEG Sleep Diagnosis of Medical Disease in Depression

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About