Traid-bit embedding process on Arabic text steganography method

Din, Roshidi; Thabit, Reema; Udzir, Nur Izura; Utama, Sunariya

doi:10.11591/eei.v10i1.2518

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Moreover, the experimental results have been compared with the existing works regarding capacity and invisibility. The secret message and cover text dataset in this study have been utilized in previous studies [8,16,17,71,74,97,98]. The selected secret message has 198 characters, and the cover text has 874 characters [18], as presented in Table 6.…”

Section: Experimental Results and Comparisonsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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CSNTSteg: Color Spacing Normalization Text Steganography Model to Improve Capacity and Invisibility of Hidden Data

et al. 2022

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The rapid growth of online communication has increased the demand for secure communication. Most government entities, healthcare providers, the legal sector, financial and banking, and other industries are vulnerable to information security issues. Text steganography is one way to protect secure communication by hiding secret messages in the cover text. Hiding a high amount of secret information without raising the attacker's suspicion is the main challenge in steganography. This paper proposes the Color and Spacing Normalization stego (CSNTSteg) model to resolve the low capacity and invisibility problem on text steganography. CSNTSteg consists of two stages: the pre-embedding stage, which achieves high capacity by utilizing RGB coding and character spacing. It is designed to increase the number of bits per location and usable characters. Besides, it applies the Huffman coding technique to compress the secret message to add more capacity enhancement. The second stage is color and spacing normalization, which accomplishes high invisibility by normalizing the RGB coding and character spacing of the cover and stego text. CSNTSteg overcomes the color differences issue between the cover and stego texts regardless of the color of the cover text. To assess the quality of CSNTSteg, the experimental results are compared with existing works. CSNTSteg shows superior capacity over the existing studies with a percentage of 98.85%. CSNTSteg also achieves high invisibility by reducing the color differences with a percentage of 4.7% and 5.07% for black and colored cover text, respectively. Furthermore, CSNTSteg improves robustness by 94.22% by reducing the distortion in stego text. Overall, the CSNTSteg model embeds a high capacity of secret data while maintaining invisibility and security, offering a new perspective on text steganography to protect against visual and statistical attack issues.

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Section: Experimental Results and Comparisonsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This can be measured by computing the number of used characters in the cover text. The following formula is used to calculate the usage ratio [10,[74][75][76]:…”

Section: B Bit Per Locationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

CSNTSteg: Color Spacing Normalization Text Steganography Model to Improve Capacity and Invisibility of Hidden Data

et al. 2022

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“…Therefore, most steganographic techniques related to audios and images are implemented to video too. Steganography in the video is similar to steganography in the images apart from data is hidden in each frame of the video [1], [18], [47], [48], [54]- [57], [65]- [68], [20], [69]- [77], [22], [23], [33], [34], [43]- [45]. The main advantages of embedding information in a video are the huge amount of information that are hidden inside the covers [4], [11], [17], [22], [40], [45], [48], [51], [57], [78], [79].…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The size of the information does not issue in video steganography because it is embedded inside multiple frames. Although video steganography bear the large size of the message [1], [18], [48], [54]- [57], [65]- [69], [20], [70]- [77], [22], [23], [33], [34], [44], [45], [47]. But it is necessary the algorithm selects the best bits to embed the information on it [11], [23], [47], [59], [69], [76], [80], [81].…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Video steganography using 3D distance calculator based on YCbCr color components

Baker

Majeed

Alazawi

et al. 2021

IJEECS

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Steganography techniques have taken a major role in the development in the field of transferring multimedia contents and communications. Therefore, field of steganography become interested as the need for security increased significantly. Steganography is a technique to hide information within cover media so that this media does not change significantly. Steganography process in a video is to hide the information from the intruder and prevent him access to that hidden information. This paper presents the algorithm of steganography in the video frames. The proposed algorithm selected the best frames to hide the message in video using 3D distance equation to increasing difficulty onto the intruder to detect and guess the location of the message in the video frames. As well as selected the best frames in this algorithm increased the difficulty and give us the best stego-video quality using structural similarity (SSIM). Also, the hash function was used to generate random positions to hide the message in the lines of video frames. The proposed algorithm evaluated with mean squared error (MSE), peak signalto-noise ratio (PSNR) and SSIM measurement. The results were acceptable and shows that is the difficulty of distinguishing the hidden message in stego-video with the human eye.

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“…In text steganography, the structure and language characteristics of texts are used to hide secret information. English script is mostly utilized compared to Arabic script in text hiding [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparative Analysis of Arabic Text Steganography

et al. 2021

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Protecting sensitive information transmitted via public channels is a significant issue faced by governments, militaries, organizations, and individuals. Steganography protects the secret information by concealing it in a transferred object such as video, audio, image, text, network, or DNA. As text uses low bandwidth, it is commonly used by Internet users in their daily activities, resulting a vast amount of text messages sent daily as social media posts and documents. Accordingly, text is the ideal object to be used in steganography, since hiding a secret message in a text makes it difficult for the attacker to detect the hidden message among the massive text content on the Internet. Language’s characteristics are utilized in text steganography. Despite the richness of the Arabic language in linguistic characteristics, only a few studies have been conducted in Arabic text steganography. To draw further attention to Arabic text steganography prospects, this paper reviews the classifications of these methods from its inception. For analysis, this paper presents a comprehensive study based on the key evaluation criteria (i.e., capacity, invisibility, robustness, and security). It opens new areas for further research based on the trends in this field.

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Traid-bit embedding process on Arabic text steganography method

Cited by 7 publications

References 10 publications

CSNTSteg: Color Spacing Normalization Text Steganography Model to Improve Capacity and Invisibility of Hidden Data

CSNTSteg: Color Spacing Normalization Text Steganography Model to Improve Capacity and Invisibility of Hidden Data

Video steganography using 3D distance calculator based on YCbCr color components

A Comparative Analysis of Arabic Text Steganography

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