Trafficking of Immune Cells in the Cornea and Ocular Surface

Qazi, Yureeda; Turhan, Aslıhan; Hamrah, Pedram

doi:10.5772/28052

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 141 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Constitutive expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-I and –II antigens is low or absent in all layers of the central cornea, further limiting immunogenicity to foreign antigens. Corneal dendritic cells (DCs) are among the most potent APCs, but exist in a quiescent state in a healthy cornea, 26–28 responsible for immune surveillance. The cornea expresses many cell-membrane-bound molecules that protect it from immune-mediated inflammation and induce apoptosis of deleterious effector T cells.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…26,27,43,44 Corneal DCs play a critical role in graft rejection through their ability to regulate T-cell responses to both self and foreign antigens in the donor button, based on molecular cues received from the tissue microenvironment. 28 Antigen recognition and capture occur through major histocompatibility class-II antigens on the surface of mature DCs. Once APCs arrive in draining lymph nodes, they can sensitize T cells and induce their proliferation.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Gene Therapy in Corneal Transplantation

Qazi

Hamrah

2013

Seminars in Ophthalmology

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Corneal transplantation is the most commonly performed organ transplantation. Immune privilege of the cornea is widely recognized, partly because of the relatively favorable outcome of corneal grafts. The first-time recipient of corneal allografts in an avascular, low-risk setting can expect a 90% success rate without systemic immunosuppressive agents and histocompatibility matching. However, immunologic rejection remains the major cause of graft failure, particularly in patients with a high risk for rejection. Corticosteroids remain the first-line therapy for the prevention and treatment of immune rejection. However, current pharmacological measures are limited in their side-effect profiles, repeated application, lack of targeted response, and short duration of action. Experimental ocular gene therapy may thus present new horizons in immunomodulation. From efficient viral vectors to sustainable alternative splicing, we discuss the progress of gene therapy in promoting graft survival and postulate further avenues for gene-mediated prevention of allogeneic graft rejection.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gene Therapy in Corneal Transplantation

Qazi

Hamrah

2013

Seminars in Ophthalmology

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Corneal DCs play a critical role in graft rejection through their ability to regulate T cell responses to both self and foreign antigens in the donor button, based on molecular cues received from the tissue microenvironment [ 21 ]. Antigen recognition and capture occur through MHC class-II antigens on the surface of mature DCs.…”

Section: Mechanisms Of Corneal Graft Rejectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In support of the importance of draining lymph nodes in the rejection process, several murine studies have demonstrated that cervical lymphadenectomy prior to orthotopic corneal transplantation yields near complete graft acceptance along with suppressed allospecific DTH response, regardless of the pre-operative risk [ 77 , 88 ]. Following sensitization and activation of naïve T cells, cytokines and chemokines released induce proliferation and trafficking of these alloreactive T cells to the cornea through expression of specific combinations of adhesion molecules [ 89 ]. Chemokines ( chemo tactic cyto kines ), are small-molecule-weight cytokines that modulate recruitment of leukocytes and immune cells to the inflamed cornea [ 80 , 89 ].…”

Section: Mechanisms Of Corneal Graft Rejectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Following sensitization and activation of naïve T cells, cytokines and chemokines released induce proliferation and trafficking of these alloreactive T cells to the cornea through expression of specific combinations of adhesion molecules [ 89 ]. Chemokines ( chemo tactic cyto kines ), are small-molecule-weight cytokines that modulate recruitment of leukocytes and immune cells to the inflamed cornea [ 80 , 89 ]. Immune-mediated damage to the graft begins with the release of cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and IL-1, secondary to the mechanical trauma of surgery.…”

Section: Mechanisms Of Corneal Graft Rejectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Corneal Allograft Rejection: Immunopathogenesis to Therapeutics

Qazi

Hamrah²

2013

J Clin Cell Immunol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Corneal transplantation is among the most successful solid organ transplants. However, despite low rejection rates of grafts in the ‘low-risk’ setting, rejection can be as high as 70% when grafted into ‘high-risk’ recipient beds. Under normal homeostatic conditions, the avascular cornea provides a unique environment that facilitates immune and angiogenic privilege. An imbalance in pro-inflammatory, angiogenic and lymphangiogenic mediators leads to a breakdown in corneal immune privilege with a consequent host response against the donor graft. Recent developments in lamellar and endothelial keratoplasties have reduced the rates of graft rejection even more, while providing improved visual outcomes. The corneal layer against which an immune response is initiated, largely determines reversibility of the acute episode. While epithelial and stromal graft rejection may be treated with topical corticosteroids with higher success, acute endothelial rejection mandates a more aggressive approach to therapy due to the lack of regenerative capacity of this layer. However, current immunosuppressive regimens come with the caveat of ocular and systemic side effects, making prolonged aggressive treatment undesirable. With the advent of biologics, efficacious therapies with a superior side effect profile are on the horizon. In our review we discuss the mediators of ocular immune privilege, the roles of cellular and molecular immune players in graft rejection, with a focus on human leukocyte antigen and antigen presenting cells. Furthermore, we discuss the clinical risk factors for graft rejection and compare rates of rejection in lamellar and endothelial keratoplasties to traditional penetrating keratoplasty. Lastly, we present the current and upcoming measures of therapeutic strategies to manage and treat graft rejection, including an overview of biologics and small molecule therapy.

show abstract

Advances in the Field of Microbial Infection in the Cornea and the Role of Nanotechnology in Treating Keratitis

Al-Mashahedah

Kanwar

2018

Drug Delivery for the Retina and Posterior Segment Disease

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Trafficking of Immune Cells in the Cornea and Ocular Surface

Cited by 3 publications

References 141 publications

Gene Therapy in Corneal Transplantation

Gene Therapy in Corneal Transplantation

Corneal Allograft Rejection: Immunopathogenesis to Therapeutics

Advances in the Field of Microbial Infection in the Cornea and the Role of Nanotechnology in Treating Keratitis

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About