Traffic Violations Versus Driving Errors of Older Adults: Informing Clinical Practice

Classen, Sherrilene; Shechtman, Orit; Awadzi, Kezia D.; Joo, Yongsung; Lanford, Desiree N.

doi:10.5014/ajot.64.2.233

Cited by 52 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…In the present study, certain driving errors were more common than others in the older drivers group, e.g. speed adjustment and positioning, and these errors do predict crashes in older drivers [32,33] . Furthermore, and similar to our findings, Reason et al [31] found frequent driving errors regarding gear changing.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Does Automatic Transmission Improve Driving Behavior in Older Drivers?

Selander

Bolin²,

Falkmer

2011

Gerontology

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Background: Most older drivers continue to drive as they age. To maintain safe and independent transport, mobility is important for all individuals, but especially for older drivers. Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate whether automatic transmission, compared with manual transmission, may improve the driving behavior of older drivers. Method: In total, 31 older drivers (mean age 75.2 years) and 32 younger drivers – used as a control group (mean age 39.2 years) – were assessed twice on the same fixed route; once in a car with manual transmission and once in a car with automatic transmission. The cars were otherwise identical. The driving behavior was assessed with the Ryd On-Road Assessment driving protocol. Time to completion of left turns (right-hand side driving) and the impact of a distraction task were measured. Results: The older group had more driving errors than the younger group, in both the manual and the automatic transmission car. However, and contrary to the younger drivers, automatic transmission improved the older participants’ driving behavior as demonstrated by safer speed adjustment in urban areas, greater maneuvering skills, safer lane position and driving in accordance with the speed regulations. Conclusion: Switching to automatic transmission may be recommended for older drivers as a means to maintain safe driving and thereby the quality of their transport mobility.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Does Automatic Transmission Improve Driving Behavior in Older Drivers?

Selander

Bolin²,

Falkmer

2011

Gerontology

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“…In addition, there is an opportunity for refinement of the current scoring approach to enable determination of how much a given difference in scores matters from a safety viewpoint. Recent work by Classen and colleagues (Classen, Shechtman, Awadzi, Joo, & Lanford, 2010) will be useful for advancing the measurement of driving errors and associated safety effects. Their findings demonstrated a hierarchy of importance of errors in predicting crash-related injury with highest probability for injury associated with lane maintenance, yielding, and gap acceptance errors; moderate associations with speed regulation; and vehicle positioning and adjustment to stimuli conferring a low probability.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and evaluation of a Driving Observation Schedule (DOS) to study everyday driving performance of older drivers

Vlahodimitrakou

Charlton

Langford

et al. 2013

Accident Analysis & Prevention

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“…These findings presented a classification structure that may serve as a link from errors during driving evaluation to the contributing factors of at-risk motor vehicle collisions reported in police reports (Classen, 2010). Unique to this study, our comparison of assistance to class of errors also illustrates that explicitly documented assistance corresponded to relatively few of the total enumerated errors in reports.…”

Section: Percentages Of Assistance Linked To Error Classes and On-rmentioning

confidence: 59%

On-Road Evaluation of Driver Capability: A Medical Record Review of the Adaptive Driving Program

Beyene

Lane

Cooper

2013

Proceedings of the 7th International Driving Symposium on Human Factors in Driver Assessment, Training, and Vehicle Design : Dr

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Summary: a) The purpose of the present study was to illustrate how driver capability could be measured based on the presence of assistance during on-road evaluation. As an objective, this study explored the potential of a new method to measure declines in driver independence (steering/braking assistance) and safety (driving cues) for driver fitness determinations. b) A study at the Adaptive Driving Program (ADP) was conducted through a medical record review of 132 clients served in 2009. Following creation of an enumerated list of unique errors committed in baseline driving sessions, follow-up analysis focused on the association between assistance during on-road evaluation and case outcomes. The analysis also involved associations between assistance and five classes of errors reported among all clients. c) Findings showed that the proposed measures of driver independence and safety were associated with 90% of clients that did not pass on-road evaluation and a majority of errors related to tracking vehicle position within a lane. Though documented assistance showed low association to four out of five classes of errors, the potential for detection of these assistedevents may be 60-80% of all errors in each class except for lane changes. OBJECTIVESNearly all driving evaluations involve a report that either enumerates or scores performance based on errors committed under observation. The challenge of driver capability measurement relates to the complexity of the many factors which contribute to a "Swiss cheese" model of risk (Sheridan, 2008), where potentially negligible, individual errors (holes) line up undetected to allow crash risk to pass through protections and become a crash realized. In each scenario of a committed driving error, factors such as the driving maneuver, posted traffic signals and signs, road obstacles, road quality, weather conditions, presence of other road users, and pedestrians are among the many issues complicating a direct question: Is my client fit to drive based on today's demonstration of driver capability?Physicians face great difficulty when advising concerns with driving, especially when they are voiced from family members and friends who are unable to reach an agreement with the license holder (the patient). In order to ease the tension between physicians and their patients, a (Certified) Driver Rehabilitation Specialist can provide additional evidence to assist in the determination of fitness to drive. Physicians surveyed in a study (Jang et al., 2007) had reported that 75% viewed the act of reporting to present a conflict of interest in the physician-patient relationship, and 45% were not confident with the responsibility of reporting. The AMA ADReS Guidelines (Carr, 2010) define a standard for primary care physicians to assess driving related skills for patients who are known to be driving. 205 PROCEEDINGS of the Seventh International Driving Symposium on Human Factors in Driver Assessment, Training, and Vehicle DesignAny recommendations for driver cessation should be based on th...

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Traffic Violations Versus Driving Errors of Older Adults: Informing Clinical Practice

Cited by 52 publications

References 22 publications

Does Automatic Transmission Improve Driving Behavior in Older Drivers?

Does Automatic Transmission Improve Driving Behavior in Older Drivers?

Development and evaluation of a Driving Observation Schedule (DOS) to study everyday driving performance of older drivers

On-Road Evaluation of Driver Capability: A Medical Record Review of the Adaptive Driving Program

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