Traditions of Violence in the Irish National Movement

Reexamining the Four Waves of Modern Terrorism: A Territorial Interpretation

“…55 In fact, it has been argued that since the priority was the revolutionary struggle against British rule and the foundation of 12 an Irish independent state, social issues became secondary for the Irish rebels of the 19 th century. 56 The main goal of Fenian rebellion of 1867, led by the Irish Republican Brotherhood (IRB), was primarily territorial: to end British rule in Ireland and to establish an independent Irish state. The ideology of the group has been described as nationalist separatist and radical "in a non-socialist sense."…”

Las oleadas históricas de la violencia terrorista: una reconsideración

“…La guerra europea agudizó las reivindicaciones separatistas en los estados plurinacionales o pluriétnicos, desembocando en movimientos armados que utilizaron eventualmente tácticas terroristas, como fue el caso de movimientos nacionalistas balcánicos como la Ustasha croata y la VMRO macedonia contra el reino de Yugoslavia. Un caso aparte fue el de Irlanda, donde las sucesivas estrategias violentas (la movilización paramilitar que se recrudeció tras la concesión del Home Rule en 1912, la acción insurreccional en el fracasado levantamiento de Pascua de 1916, y el terrorismo y la guerrilla practicados por el IRA en las guerras de independencia de 1919-21 y civil de 1921-23) tuvieron amplias repercusiones no sólo en el Ulster a partir de fines de la década de los sesenta, sino en otros movimientos de liberación nacional que operarían a partir de los años treinta y cuarenta, como el Irgun israelí, la EOKA chipriota o el FLN argelino (Alter, 1982;Bell, 1989;Coogan, 1995;Laffan, 1982;Patterson, 1997;Townsend, 1983).…”

The Return of "Captain Moonlight": Informal Justice in Northern Ireland

“…In addition, they opposed the payment of dues they felt were "illegal," for example taxes or tithes levied for the establishment of the Protestant Church. 5 In terms of their activism, they pulled down fences, filled in ditches, killed cattle, burned houses, physically assaulted landowners and their agents, and took action against "collaborators" or informers. For example, individuals suspected of informing had part of their lips and tongues cut off.…”

“…However, violent agrarian agitation continued through the 1880s until it dwindled away. 8 In parallel to the development of revolutionary agrarian societies, the Irish Republican Brotherhood (IRB) was formally constituted in 1858. The IRB was a secret political society solely focused on the national question, the removal of British rule, and the Downloaded by [141.214.17.222] at 08:44 01 November 2014 establishment of an Irish Republic.…”