Traditionally-Used Antimalarials from the Meliaceae

Omar, Sanaa H.; Zhang, J.; MacKinnon, Shawna L.; Leaman, Danna J.; Durst, Tony; Philogène, Bernard J. R.; Arnason, J. T.; Sánchez-Vindas, Pablo; Poveda, Luis; Tamez, Pamela A.; Pezzuto, John M.

doi:10.2174/1568026033392499

Cited by 63 publications

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“…Other studies have shown toxic properties of limonoids on insect larvae [30,31]. More specifically, gedunin and some of its derivatives have been investigated for antimalarial, hepatoprotective, and antitumor properties [32][33][34]. Anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antiallergic virtues of the oil have led to the development of pharmaceutical products [35].…”

Section: Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revisiting Amazonian Plants for Skin Care and Disease

Burlando

Cornara

2017

Cosmetics

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Abstract:This review concerns five species of trees and palm trees that occur as dominant plants in different rainforest areas of the Amazon region. Due to their abundance, these species can be exploited as sustainable sources of botanical materials and include Carapa guianensis Aubl., family Meliaceae; Eperua falcata Aubl., family Fabaceae; Quassia amara L., family Simaroubaceae; and Attalea speciosa Mart. and Oenocarpus bataua Mart., family Arecaceae. For each species, the general features, major constituents, overall medicinal properties, detailed dermatological and skin care applications, and possible harmful effects have been considered. The major products include seed oils from A. speciosa and C. guianensis, fruit oil from O. bataua, and active compounds such as limonoids from C. guianensis, flavonoids from E. falcata, and quassinoids from Q. amara. The dermatologic and cosmetic applications of these plants are growing rapidly but are still widely based on empiric knowledge. Applications include skin rehydration and soothing; anti-inflammatory, antiage, and antiparasite effects; hair care; burn and wound healing; and the amelioration of rosacea and psoriasis conditions. Despite a limited knowledge about their constituents and properties, these species appear as promising sources of bioactive compounds for skin care and health applications. An improvement of knowledge about their properties will provide added value to the exploitation of these forest resources.

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Section: Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revisiting Amazonian Plants for Skin Care and Disease

Burlando

Cornara

2017

Cosmetics

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“…The Meliaceae are one of the most important tree families in tropical rain forests both ecologically and economically. Some trees are a major source of very valuable tropical hardwood timber such as mahogany, and members of the family are also used for oil, soap manufacture, insecticides, and medicines (Cheplogoi and Mulholland 2003;Omar et al 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi associated with the Meliaceae on Hainan island, China

et al. 2005

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Species richness, spore density, frequency of occurrence, and relative abundance of AM fungi were determined in rhizosphere soil samples from nine tropical rainforest sites on Hainan island, south China, and the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) status of members of the Meliaceae was examined. All 28 plant taxa investigated (25 species including two varieties of 1 species and three varieties of another) were colonized by AM fungi. The mean proportion of root length colonized was 56% (range 10-95%). Vesicles were observed in 27 and hyphal coils in 26 of the 28 plant taxa. Mycorrhizas were of the Paristype or intermediate-type, with no Arum-type mycorrhizas observed. Species richness of AM fungi varied from 3 to 15 and spore density from 46 to 1,499 per 100 g rhizosphere soil. Of 33 AM fungal taxa in five genera isolated and identified, 18 belonged to Glomus, 9 to Acaulospora, 1 to Entrophospora, 2 to Gigaspora, and 3 to Scutellospora. Acaulospora and Glomus were the dominant genera identified. Glomus claroideum was the taxon most commonly isolated, with a frequency of occurrence of 56.5% and relative abundance of 10.4%. A positive correlation was found between percentage of root length colonization and species richness. However, there was no correlation between spore density and percentage of root length colonized by AM fungi.

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“…In vitro antimalarial activities have recently been reported for limonoids from other Meliaceae: bark and seeds of Khaya grandifolia (2), bark of Khaya senegalensis (13), leaves of Azadirachta indica (11), and Cedrela odorata wood (3). The most active limonoid, gedunin, isolated from Khaya grandifolia, Cedrela odorata, and Azadirachta indica (3,16), had a better in vitro activity than chloroquine against clones sensitive to chloroquine (15). Its in vitro activity evaluated against a chloroquine-resistant strain of P. falciparum (IC 50 ϭ 0.72 g/ml) was roughly equivalent to that of trichirubine A (12), but its in vivo activity, initially poor (3), might be improved: for example, when combined with chloroquine (2), by synergism with dillapiol, a cytochrome P-450 3A4 inhibitor, or preparation of a more stable compound (16).…”

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confidence: 99%

Novel Antimalarial Compounds Isolated in a Survey of Self-Medicative Behavior of Wild Chimpanzees in Uganda

Krief

Martin

Grellier³

et al. 2004

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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Following a veterinary and behavioral survey of chimpanzees from a natural population in Uganda, leaf samples of Trichilia rubescens were collected because of the unusual method of ingestion observed. The methanolic crude extract of T. rubescens leaves exhibited significant antimalarial activity in vitro. Bioassaydirected fractionation provided two new limonoids, trichirubines A and B. A greater understanding of the role of secondary compounds in the primate diet may be helpful in recovering naturally occurring compounds of medicinal significance for human medicine.Plant parts which have no apparent nutritive value and/or are rich in secondary compounds are ingested by chimpanzees (10,14,21,22). Medicinal benefits of such ingestion have been suggested (8,9,20) by the observations of two unusual behaviors proposed to control intestinal parasite infection, namely swallowing whole bristly leaves and chewing the bitter pith of Vernonia amygdalina (7,8,18,19). There is no chemical evidence to suggest a role of secondary compounds correlated with the leaf-swallowing behavior: more likely there is a mechanical effect of the surface of the whole rough hispid leaves leading to the expulsion of parasites. Instead of a physical effect, the benefit of bitter pith chewing is pharmacologically based on the activity of steroid glucosides (10,14). In order to provide new information about self-medicative behavior of chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) and the phytochemistry of the plants ingested, field studies were conducted in Kanyawara, Kibale National Park, Uganda. The survey included behavioral data collection, as well as fecal and urine analysis of samples coming from identified chimpanzees. Particular attention was focused on sick individuals and unusual or occasional feeding behaviors. We report herein the bioassaydirected fractionation of the crude extracts of the plant leaves of Trichilia rubescens and elucidation of the structure of two limonoids, namely trichirubines A and B, which possess a significant anti-Plasmodium activity.The study was conducted in the Kibale National Park (766 km 2 between 0°13 to 0°41ЈN and 30°19Ј to 30°22ЈE) in western Uganda. Data were collected between December 2000 and March 2001 (dry season) and in October 2001 (rainy season). The area contains mid-altitude moist forest, secondary forest, grassland, swamps, and plantations of Eucalyptus and pines, and it includes elements of lowland tropical rainforest, montane rainforest, and mixed deciduous rainforest. The elevation is between 800 and 1,500 m, and the rainfall averages 1,700 mm per year.The Kanyawara community of wild chimpanzees (P. troglodytes schweinfurthii), including about 50 individuals, was observed. Feeding behaviors were recorded by 10-min focal-animal sessions and ad libitum observations (1). Health state was monitored daily by noninvasive methods consisting of clinical observations, coprological study of 252 stool samples, and urinalysis of 76 samples. We focused our behavioral observations on ill chimpanzees and u...

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Traditionally-Used Antimalarials from the Meliaceae

Cited by 63 publications

References 0 publications

Revisiting Amazonian Plants for Skin Care and Disease

Revisiting Amazonian Plants for Skin Care and Disease

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi associated with the Meliaceae on Hainan island, China

Novel Antimalarial Compounds Isolated in a Survey of Self-Medicative Behavior of Wild Chimpanzees in Uganda

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