Traditional Measures of Mobility Performance and Retinitis Pigmentosa

Geruschat, Duane R.; Turano, Kathleen A.; Stahl, Julie W.

doi:10.1097/00006324-199807000-00022

Cited by 150 publications

(143 citation statements)

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“…Accordingly, the loss of vision, accompanied by a decrease in balance, postural stability, and mobility, may increase injury and reduce independence and quality of life in VI patients. [32][33][34][35][36][37] As vision declines, adopting training strategies that enhance the use of other sensory information may aid in the development of awareness of the body as it moves in space. In an eyes-closed condition, a group trained in yoga was able to retain balance on a vertical force platform better than a control group trained in physical exercise, indicating they were better able to use proprioceptive cues.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Yoga for persons with severe visual impairment: a feasibility study

et al. 2012

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This exploratory study aims to establish the feasibility of an Ashtanga-based Yoga Therapy (AYT) program for improving sleep disturbances, balance, and negative psychosocial states, which are prevalent issues for visually impaired (VI) individuals. Ten legally blind adult participants were randomized to an 8-week AYT program. Four subjects in the 1 st cohort and three in the 2 nd cohort successfully completed the AYT program. They convened for one session per week with an instructor and performed two home-based sessions per week using an audio CD. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) were administered at baseline and post-intervention. A Timed One-Leg balance measure, respiratory rate (RR), and the Philadelphia Mindfulness Scale (PHLMS) were assessed in the 2 nd cohort. Both groups completed a qualitative exit survey. Positive exit survey responses (all subjects were extremely or mostly satisfied, and wanted to continue AYT) and good participation rates (7 subjects attended at least 7 of the 8 weekly sessions) support the feasibility of the AYT. PSQI, PSS, BAI and BDI scores changed in the direction of reduced negative symptoms after AYT for the 1 st cohort. Changes in PSQI and PSS for the 2 nd cohort were varied. Balance, RR and PHLMS awareness trended toward improvement for each individual. This preliminary study provides proof of concept for potential benefits of AYT that may be observed in VI subjects. Larger studies and an active control group are needed to determine efficacy.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Yoga for persons with severe visual impairment: a feasibility study

et al. 2012

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“…glaucoma, retinis pigmentosa) or attentional (e.g. reduction in 'useful field of view') impairments (Owsley et al 1995;Geruschat et al 1998;Sekuler et al 2000;West et al 2002;Turano et al 2004;Cedrone et al 2008). Conversely, reliance on peripheral vision may be the only option for people with macular degeneration.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The use of peripheral vision to guide perturbation-evoked reach-to-grasp balance-recovery reactions

et al. 2010

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For a reach-to-grasp reaction to prevent a fall, it must be executed very rapidly, but with sufficient accuracy to achieve a functional grip. Recent findings suggest that the CNS may avoid potential time delays associated with saccade-guided arm movements by instead relying on peripheral vision (PV). However, studies of volitional arm movements have shown that reaching is slower and/or less accurate when guided by PV, rather than central vision (CV). The present study investigated how the CNS resolves speed-accuracy trade-offs when forced to use PV to guide perturbation-evoked reach-to-grasp balance-recovery reactions. These reactions were evoked, in 12 healthy young adults, via sudden unpredictable anteroposterior platform translation (barriers deterred stepping reactions). In PV trials, subjects were required to look straight-ahead at a visual target while a small cylindrical handhold (length 25%> hand-width) moved intermittently and unpredictably along a transverse axis before stopping at a visual angle of 20°, 30°, or 40°. The perturbation was then delivered after a random delay. In CV trials, subjects fixated on the handhold throughout the trial. A concurrent visuo-cognitive task was performed in 50% of PV trials but had little impact on reach-to-grasp timing or accuracy. Forced reliance on PV did not significantly affect response initiation times, but did lead to longer movement times, longer timeafter-peak-velocity and less direct trajectories (compared to CV trials) at the larger visual angles. Despite these effects, forced reliance on PV did not compromise ability to achieve a functional grasp and recover equilibrium, for the moderately large perturbations and healthy young adults tested in this initial study.

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“…Therefore, it would be intuitive to reason that visual function and mobility performance is substantially correlated, and many researchers have shown this relationship (Geruschat, Turano, & Stahl, 1998;Haymes, Guest, Heyes, & Johnston, 1996;Kuyk, Elliott, & Fuhr, 1998a;Marron & Bailey, 1982). These studies have shown that clinical measures, such as visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, and visual field are predictive measures to mobility performance.…”

Section: Scanning Abilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In performance evaluations of reading at matched luminance levels, Kleweno et al (1999) reported that 3 out of 13 subjects showed a clinically significant increase in reading speed, and 6 out of 13 showed increased visual acuity when using the VRD versus a CRT. Since visual acuity has been shown to be significantly correlated with mobility performance (Geruschat, Turano, et al, 1998;Haymes et al, 1996), a wearable form of the VRD (WVRD) is expected to increase the mobility performance of some low vision individuals. Unlike conventional HMDs, the higher illuminance and contrast levels due to the scanning laser light will allow the low vision aids to be used effectively in bright outdoor environments and in augmented (see-through) modes of display.…”

Section: The Vrd and Low Visionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For each letter, one chance was given for correct identification. If the subject was unable to identify at least one letter on the first line, then the testing distance was reduced to 2 m. Similarly, if at 2 m the subject was still unable to identify at least one letter on the first line, the testing distance was reduced to 1 m. The visual acuity was reported in units of log MAR (minimum angle of resolution) with the following equation (Geruschat, Turano, et al, 1998):…”

Section: Vision Assessmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Testing Visual Search Performance Using Retinal Light Scanning as a Future Wearable Low Vision Aid

Lin¹,

Seibel²,

Furness³

2003

International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction

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For the goal of designing a wearable low vision aid, aspects of both head-mounted display (HMD) design and performance evaluation were integrated into a single study of scanning ability. A head-mounted version of a novel retinal light scanning display known as the virtual retinal display was fabricated for this study. A remote head CCD (charge coupled device) attached approximately at the user's line of sight was used as the input source. Scanning ability was quantified as the time to identify a target in a wide field of distractors while using the HMD design in four different display interface modes (DIMs). Each DIM was tested with respect to their corresponding controls: A (augmented, see-through) and CO (center occluded) DIMs were compared to the augmented control (augmented, retinal display turned off), and CPO (center and periphery occluded) and PO (periphery occluded) DIMs were compared to the periphery occluded control (periphery obstructed, retinal display turned off). Each DIM was tested at high, medium, and low contrast levels. Five subjects were tested without optical correction (visual acuity worse than 20/200), which accurately represented low vision subjects. Results showed that for each DIM, scanning performance decreased as the contrast level decreased. At the INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMAN-COMPUTER INTERACTION, 15(2), 245-263 Copyright © 2003, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.We thank Nick Kipping (student in Industrial Design) and Robert Burstein (Research Engineer) for their technical assistance, Duff Hendrickson (Experience Designer) for the computer animations, The National Science Foundation for funding this research (Grants 9801294 & 9978888), the R.E.U. program, and The Mary Gates Foundation for financial assistance.Sun-Kai V. Lin is now at the Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania. Requests for reprints should be sent to Sun-Kai V. Lin, Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, 120 Hayden Hall, 3320 Smith Walk, Philadelphia, PA 19146. E-mail: sklin@ seas.upenn.edu lowest contrast level, the PO DIM provided the greatest and most significant improvement in scanning performance. At the medium and highest contrast levels, all DIMs provided equal or worse performance than their controls. Additionally, the subjects' natural visual acuity showed no correlation with scan time. All subjects reported a higher acuity with the retinal display, and showed a diverse range of preference for the most helpful DIM. Based on these results, we realized that low vision applications have unique design requirements unlike those for normally sighted users, and therefore customization of a wearable low vision aid may be an optimal design strategy.

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Traditional Measures of Mobility Performance and Retinitis Pigmentosa

Cited by 150 publications

References 0 publications

Yoga for persons with severe visual impairment: a feasibility study

Yoga for persons with severe visual impairment: a feasibility study

The use of peripheral vision to guide perturbation-evoked reach-to-grasp balance-recovery reactions

Testing Visual Search Performance Using Retinal Light Scanning as a Future Wearable Low Vision Aid

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