Traditional Chinese Medicine for Metabolic Syndrome via TCM Pattern Differentiation: Tongue Diagnosis for Predictor

Lee, Tsung-Chieh; Lo, Lun-Chien; Wu, Fang-Chen

doi:10.1155/2016/1971295

Cited by 39 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Because tongue diagnosis has the advantages of intuition and simplicity, some scholars have recently discovered the importance of the tongue image for the diagnosis and prognostic prediction of diseases[ 22 , 23 ]. The oral microbiota varies according to the different sampling sites with a high diversity[ 24 ], but as the tongue texture and tongue color form an important basis for diagnosis and treatment in TCM[ 25 ]. The treatments adopted for patients with white and yellow tongue coatings are different, thus, the tongue coating oral microbiotas were selected for analysis in our study, and the samples were grouped by the color of the tongue coating.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Altered oral microbiota in chronic hepatitis B patients with different tongue coatings

Zhao

Mao

Tang

et al. 2018

WJG

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AIMTo elucidate tongue coating microbiota and metabolic differences in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients with yellow or white tongue coatings.METHODSTongue coating samples were collected from 53 CHB patients (28 CHB yellow tongue coating patients and 25 CHB white tongue coating patients) and 22 healthy controls. Microbial DNA was extracted from the tongue samples, and the bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA gene V3 region was amplified from all samples and sequenced with the Ion Torrent PGM™ sequencing platform according to the standard protocols. The metabolites in the tongue coatings were evaluated using a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) platform. Statistical analyses were then performed.RESULTSThe relative compositions of the tongue coating microbiotas and metabolites in the CHB patients were significantly different from those of the healthy controls, but the tongue coating microbiota abundances and diversity levels were not significantly different. Compared with the CHB white tongue coating patients, the CHB yellow tongue coating patients had higher hepatitis B viral DNA (HBV-DNA) titers (median 21210 vs 500, respectively, P = 0.03) and a significantly lower level of Bacteroidetes (20.14% vs 27.93%, respectively, P = 0.013) and higher level of Proteobacteria (25.99% vs 18.17%, respectively, P = 0.045) in the microbial compositions at the phylum level. The inferred metagenomic pathways enriched in the CHB yellow tongue coating patients were mainly those involved in amino acid metabolism, which was consistent with the metabolic disorder. The abundances of bacteria from Bacteroidales at the order level were higher in the CHB white tongue coating patients (19.2% vs 27.22%, respectively, P = 0.011), whereas Neisseriales were enriched in the yellow tongue coating patients (21.85% vs 13.83%, respectively, P = 0.029). At the family level, the abundance of Neisseriaceae in the yellow tongue patients was positively correlated with the HBV-DNA level but negatively correlated with the S-adenosyl-L-methionine level.CONCLUSIONThis research illustrates specific clinical features and bacterial structures in CHB patients with different tongue coatings, which facilitates understanding of the traditional tongue diagnosis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Altered oral microbiota in chronic hepatitis B patients with different tongue coatings

Zhao

Mao

Tang

et al. 2018

WJG

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“…Metabolic syndrome is one of the manifestations of endocrine system disorders; it manifests by central obesity, abnormal glucose tolerance, lipodystrophy, and hypertension [50]. Obesity is often accompanied by Qi stagnation and blood stasis and is classified as phlegm dampness in TCM (manifested by a white coating).…”

Section: Close Correlation Between Tongue Coating and Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Obesity is often accompanied by Qi stagnation and blood stasis and is classified as phlegm dampness in TCM (manifested by a white coating). Lee et al [50] found that the TC in the non-metabolic-syndrome group was white in about 79.6% and yellow in 20.4% of the patients, while the metabolic-syndrome group had a white coating in 100% and a yellow coating in 0%. The difference between the groups is significant (P = 0.002).…”

Section: Close Correlation Between Tongue Coating and Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Biology of the Tongue Coating and Its Value in Disease Diagnosis

et al. 2017

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Tongue diagnosis is one of the most important diagnostic tools in traditional Chinese medicine and has been verified for thousands of years. However, its subjectivity and repeatability has been disputed continuously. The tongue coating as the primary coverage of tongue diagnosis provides more objectivity and reproducibility due to its relatively clear molecular basis; it also has a close relationship with many system diseases and may be used as a potentially valuable disease diagnostic tool. This article describes the material basis of the tongue coating, including its biology (epithelial cells, blood cells, vascular endothelial cells, and bacteria) and its metabolites; moreover, we summarize the diseases that are most correlated with the tongue coating. This will be valuable not only for fundamental research of tongue diagnosis but also for the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of disease. We suppose that the tongue coating could serve as a valuable auxiliary diagnosis tool in many diseases, and more research should focus on how to colligate the various information about the tongue and provide useful information for disease diagnosis.

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“…In China, integrative medicine combines traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and modern medicine for clinical practice [1][2][3]. The diagnosis of integrative medicine comprises the clinical diagnosis of modern medicine and syndrome pattern diagnosis [4]. Syndrome pattern based on TCM theory is an outcome of the analysis of TCM information by the TCM practitioner, and TCM treatments rely on it [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Model-based reasoning methods for diagnosis in integrative medicine based on electronic medical records and natural language processing

Geng

Qin

Wang³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: This study aimed to investigate model-based reasoning (MBR) algorithms for the diagnosis of integrative medicine based on electronic medical records (EMRs) and natural language processing. Methods: A total of 14,075 medical records of clinical cases were extracted from the EMRs as the development dataset, and an external test dataset consisting of 1,000 medical records of clinical cases was extracted from independent EMRs. MBR methods based on word embedding, machine learning, and deep learning algorithms were developed for the automatic diagnosis of syndrome pattern in integrative medicine. MBR algorithms combining rule-based reasoning (RBR) were also developed. A standard evaluation metrics consisting of accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score were used for the performance estimation of the methods. The association analyses were conducted on the sample size, number of syndrome pattern type, and diagnosis of lung diseases with the best algorithms. Results: The Word2Vec CNN MBR algorithms showed high performance (accuracy of 0.9586 in the test dataset) in the syndrome pattern diagnosis. The Word2Vec CNN MBR combined with RBR also showed high performance (accuracy of 0.9229 in the test dataset). The diagnosis of lung diseases could enhance the performance of the Word2Vec CNN MBR algorithms. Each group sample size and syndrome pattern type affected the performance of these algorithms. Conclusion: The MBR methods based on Word2Vec and CNN showed high performance in the syndrome pattern diagnosis in integrative medicine in lung diseases. The parameters of each group sample size, syndrome pattern type, and diagnosis of lung diseases were associated with the performance of the methods.

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Traditional Chinese Medicine for Metabolic Syndrome via TCM Pattern Differentiation: Tongue Diagnosis for Predictor

Cited by 39 publications

References 34 publications

Altered oral microbiota in chronic hepatitis B patients with different tongue coatings

Altered oral microbiota in chronic hepatitis B patients with different tongue coatings

Biology of the Tongue Coating and Its Value in Disease Diagnosis

Model-based reasoning methods for diagnosis in integrative medicine based on electronic medical records and natural language processing

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