Traditional and 3D scan extracted measurements of the heads and faces of Dutch children

Abstract

3D anthropometry has created a significant opportunity for designers to improve fit by offering detailed information regarding the shape of the human body. Various researchers have shown the benefit of using 3D anthropometric data in the development or evaluation of head related products for adults. However, detailed 3D anthropometric data of children heads and faces is still lacking. This paper presents up to date descriptive statistics of detailed measurements made of heads and faces of Dutch children. For the purpose of developing ergonomic head and face wear for children, an anthropometric survey was conducted, whereby children aged 6 months to 7 years were measured, utilising both traditional anthropometric measurement techniques and 3D image derived measurements. The traditional measurements were compared with the most recent dataset of Dutch children and, on a more detailed level, with a dataset of North American children.

A Comparison Between Representative 3D Faces Based on Bi- and Multi-variate and Shape Based Analysis

“…Firstly, it is important to note that the number of participants assigned to each cluster varied per method from N = 2 to N = 13, in part due to the method of clustering but also for practical reasons as described in previous research [8]. This often occurred in age groups one (aged 6 months to 1.5 years) and two (1.5 to 2.5 years).…”

“…The analysis was based on the existing dataset of 303 children's head and faces. The dataset was acquired by combining traditional and 3D scan extracted anthropometric information [8]. Participants were Dutch children aged from 6 months to 7 years old and included 174 males and 128 females of mixed ethnicity.…”

The Variation in 3D Face Shapes of Dutch Children for Mask Design

“…A survey was conducted in order to collect anthropometric data of children's heads and faces [28,40]. A total of 302 Dutch children (128 females, 174 males) aged 6 months to 7 years were recruited through health centres, primary schools and the university.…”

“…In the survey, both traditional anthropometric measurements as well as 3D image derived measurements were collected as described in Goto et al [28] through a five-step procedure. First, the following traditional anthropometric head and face dimensions were recorded; head circumference, head length, head height, head width, and face width, as well as more general measurements such as stature and weight.…”

“…Based on the (3D) anthropometric data, he defined a new sizing system and subsequently generated head forms representing each size for helmet design. More recently, researchers have gathered 3D scans of children in order to analyse and extract shape information for the design of facial masks for both medical and commercial applications [25][26][27][28].…”