Tradeoffs and the evolution of thermal reaction norms

Angilletta, Michael J.; Wilson, Robbie S.; Navas, Carlos A.; James, Rob S.

doi:10.1016/s0169-5347(03)00087-9

Cited by 445 publications

(417 citation statements)

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“…S5). We chose these equations based on the established general shape of TPCs, which are presumably structured by the thermodynamics of enzyme function (19,35). We chose the best fit for each individual using Akaike's Information Criterion (AIC) (36).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1). These traits-maximal performance (P max ), the thermal optimum (T opt ), and the thermal performance breadth (T br )-represent three primary axes of variation along which TPCs can evolve (19). Specifically, we tested the predictions that (i) an increase in mean operative T e is associated with selection for higher T opt , (ii) an…”

Section: Bahamas | Thermoregulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Natural selection on thermal performance in a novel thermal environment

Logan

Cox

Calsbeek

2014

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

164

182

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Tropical ectotherms are thought to be especially vulnerable to climate change because they are adapted to relatively stable temperature regimes, such that even small increases in environmental temperature may lead to large decreases in physiological performance. One way in which tropical organisms may mitigate the detrimental effects of warming is through evolutionary change in thermal physiology. The speed and magnitude of this response depend, in part, on the strength of climate-driven selection. However, many ectotherms use behavioral adjustments to maintain preferred body temperatures in the face of environmental variation. These behaviors may shelter individuals from natural selection, preventing evolutionary adaptation to changing conditions. Here, we mimic the effects of climate change by experimentally transplanting a population of Anolis sagrei lizards to a novel thermal environment. Transplanted lizards experienced warmer and more thermally variable conditions, which resulted in strong directional selection on thermal performance traits. These same traits were not under selection in a reference population studied in a less thermally stressful environment. Our results indicate that climate change can exert strong natural selection on tropical ectotherms, despite their ability to thermoregulate behaviorally. To the extent that thermal performance traits are heritable, populations may be capable of rapid adaptation to anthropogenic warming. Bahamas | thermoregulationA nthropogenic climate change may be the single most dramatic physical change our planet has experienced during human history (1). In the tropics, where species are adapted to relatively stable climates, the impacts of climate change are predicted to be especially severe (2-5) (but see refs. 6, 7). Because many species maintain a body temperature (T b ) that is already close to their thermal limits, even small increases in environmental temperature (T e ) may produce large decreases in physiological performance that could push populations toward extinction (4).In tropical environments, evolutionary adaptation may be one of the most important mechanisms by which populations can avoid extinction (8). As climates shift, fitness for many species will become increasingly linked to variation in traits important for performance in a warmer and more thermally variable world (4). Numerous theoretical, laboratory, and field studies demonstrate a capacity for rapid evolution on time scales similar to those over which global warming is predicted to occur (9-11). Indeed, recent work on lizards (12) and butterflies (13) has revealed rapid shifts in thermal physiology that appear to be directly associated with changing thermal environments. Despite mounting evidence that the capacity for evolution may fundamentally alter extinction probabilities in the face of anthropogenic climate change, the potential for rapid evolution is usually not considered in models that attempt to predict the impact of climate change on biological populations (8).The rate at which ...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Bahamas | Thermoregulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural selection on thermal performance in a novel thermal environment

Logan

Cox

Calsbeek

2014

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

164

182

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Such conflicting demands are often mediated by time and resource allocation trade-offs. Time allocation trade-offs constrain the time for various timeconsuming activities, such as mating or courtship activity, foraging effort, or behavioral defense (Lima and Dill 1990;Lima 1998;Angilletta et al 2003). In many prey organisms, time for foraging is traded off against time spent with activities that reduce predation risk, such as seeking shelter, vigilance, or foraging in less rewarding but safer habitats.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimizing Time and Resource Allocation Trade‐Offs for Investment into Morphological and Behavioral Defense

Steiner

Pfeiffer

2007

The American Naturalist

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, T. Optimizing time and resource allocation trade-offs for investment into morphological and behavioral defense. American Naturalist 2007, 169:118-129. Postprint available at: http://www.zora.unizh.ch Posted at the Zurich Open Repository and Archive, University of Zurich. http://www.zora.unizh.ch Originally published at: American Naturalist 2007, 169:118-129 Optimizing time and resource allocation trade-offs for investment into morphological and behavioral defense AbstractPrey organisms are confronted with time and resource allocation trade-offs. Time allocation trade-offs partition time, for example, between foraging effort to acquire resources and behavioral defense. Resource allocation trade-offs partition the acquired resources between multiple traits, such as growth or morphological defense. We develop a mathematical model for prey organisms that comprise time and resource allocation trade-offs for multiple defense traits. Fitness is determined by growth and survival during ontogeny. We determine optimal defense strategies for environments that differ in their resource abundance, predation risk, and defense effectiveness. We compare the results with results of simplified models where single defense traits are optimized. Our results indicate that selection acts in favor of integrated traits. The selective advantage of expressing multiple defense traits is most pronounced at intermediate environmental conditions. Optimizing single traits generally leads to a more pronounced response of the defense traits, which implies that studying single traits leads to an overestimation of their response to predation. Behavioral defense and morphological defense compensate for and augment each other depending on predator densities and the effectiveness of the defense mechanisms. In the presence of time constraints, the model shows peak investment into morphological and behavioral defense at intermediate resource levels. Online enhancement: appendix.abstract: Prey organisms are confronted with time and resource allocation trade-offs. Time allocation trade-offs partition time, for example, between foraging effort to acquire resources and behavioral defense. Resource allocation trade-offs partition the acquired resources between multiple traits, such as growth or morphological defense. We develop a mathematical model for prey organisms that comprise time and resource allocation trade-offs for multiple defense traits. Fitness is determined by growth and survival during ontogeny. We determine optimal defense strategies for environments that differ in their resource abundance, predation risk, and defense effectiveness. We compare the results with results of simplified models where single defense traits are optimized. Our results indicate that selection acts in favor of integrated traits. The selective advantage of expressing multiple defense traits is most pronounced at intermediate environmental conditions. Optimizing single traits generally leads to a more pronounced response of the defense traits, which implies that study...

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“…However, most studies of predator-induced defenses did not investigate different resource conditions, or used only two resource levels and cannot detect non-linear effects (Angilletta et al 2003). Also, previous studies did not investigate investment in multiple defensive traits and their fitness costs in an integrated way (Van Buskirk 2000;Teplitsky et al 2005).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Investment in defense and cost of predator-induced defense along a resource gradient

Steiner

2007

Oecologia

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Tradeoffs and the evolution of thermal reaction norms

Cited by 445 publications

References 50 publications

Natural selection on thermal performance in a novel thermal environment

Natural selection on thermal performance in a novel thermal environment

Optimizing Time and Resource Allocation Trade‐Offs for Investment into Morphological and Behavioral Defense

Investment in defense and cost of predator-induced defense along a resource gradient

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