“…Studies on the US, for example, find that union-covered workers have higher absence rates than non-covered workers in the same firms (Allen, 1984; Chaudhury and Ng, 1992; Leigh, 1981). Similarly, studies on unionised workers in the United Kingdom (Veliziotis, 2010), Canada (Tompa et al, 2011), Norway (Mastekaasa, 2013) and Germany (Goerke and Pannenberg, 2015) confirm an absence-increasing union effect.…”