Trade‐Offs Associated with Induced Resistance

Molecular mechanisms controlling plant growth during abiotic stress

“…In light of the diverse molecular mechanisms that regulate growth and abiotic stress acclimation the question arises as to whether the induction of stress tolerance always leads to growth penalties, or whether we can get something for nothing. It is commonly thought that constitutive stress tolerance comes at a cost to the organism, and this has been extensively reviewed for disease resistance traits ( Heil, 2014 ; Heil and Baldwin, 2002 ). Early examples of engineered constitutive abiotic stress tolerances have often led to growth penalties under benign growth conditions ( Kasuga et al , 1999 ; Haake et al , 2002 ).…”

Plant Pathogens Affecting the Establishment of Plant-Symbiont Interaction

“…It is important to highlight that some studies use acibenzolar S-methyl (ASM) as a synthetic inducer of the SA pathway. ASM induces successful disease resistance in many plant-pathogen combinations, but there are also reports where it did not significantly induce resistance (Heil, 2007 ). Therefore, effects of ASM have to be evaluated for each plant-pathogen combination.…”

Elicitor-Based Biostimulant PSP1 Protects Soybean Against Late Season Diseases in Field Trials

“…The purpose of these studies was to obtain information on PSP1 performance on crop production under normal field growing conditions. There is a big difference in plant behavior when grown in a controlled or semi-controlled environment as compared to plants grown in the field where they are continuously exposed to both biotic and abiotic challenges ( Heil, 2014 ). It is therefore logical to assume that during the life cycle of a field grown plant, induction of plant defenses is occurring repeatedly.…”

“…Although defense elicitors have been known for decades, relatively little information is available on more extended agronomic and disease protection studies for this kind of compounds in field conditions ( Heil, 2014 ). In soybean for example, there are only three reports evaluating performance of elicitors in field conditions; INA and BTH ( Dann et al, 1998 ), Si ( Lemes et al, 2011 ) and BTH and humic acid ( Abdel-Monaim et al, 2012 ), and only two of those assessed growth parameters and yield ( Dann et al, 1998 ; Abdel-Monaim et al, 2012 ).…”