Trade-off between grain weight and grain number in wheat depends on GxE interaction: A case study of an elite CIMMYT panel (CIMCOG)

Elucidating the genetic basis of biomass accumulation and radiation use efficiency in spring wheat and its role in yield potential

“…The enhancement in TGW and biomass is not translated to higher yield due to a trade-off observed with GM2 and HI respectively (Tables S2 and S3). The negative relationship between TGW and GM2 has been widely reported in wheat (Acreche and Slafer, 2006;Bustos et al, 2013;Garc ıa et al, 2013;Miralles and Slafer, 1995;Quintero et al, 2018;Sadras, 2007) while the trade-off between HI and biomass has been recently reported for modern cultivars (Aisawi et al, 2015). Furthermore, this panel was not chosen for yield potential per se, nor necessarily high final biomass, but for different sources of expression for yield potential traits including RUE at different growth stages, traits which when combined strategically in physiological pre-breeding crosses, would be expected to be complementary in terms of yield and final biomass (Reynolds and Langridge, 2016).…”

Agronomic Practices for Reducing Wheat Yield Gaps: A Quantitative Appraisal of Progressive Producers

“…Meanwhile, increased temperatures during seed filling decreased TKW and yield, likely because of decreased allocation of carbohydrates to the developing grains (Calviño and Sadras, 2002). Although wheat is rarely source limited (Borrás et al, 2004), recent evidence suggests that sink limitation (i.e., kernels per square meter) is prevalent in high-yield environments (?7.8 to 12.7 Mg ha −1 ), but co-limitation by sink and source might occur in low-yielding environments (less than ?7.0 Mg ha −1 ) where the crop has a reduced chance to capitalize on more kernels per square meter (Lynch et al, 2017;Quintero et al, 2018). Although wheat is rarely source limited (Borrás et al, 2004), recent evidence suggests that sink limitation (i.e., kernels per square meter) is prevalent in high-yield environments (?7.8 to 12.7 Mg ha −1 ), but co-limitation by sink and source might occur in low-yielding environments (less than ?7.0 Mg ha −1 ) where the crop has a reduced chance to capitalize on more kernels per square meter (Lynch et al, 2017;Quintero et al, 2018).…”

“…The significant association between TKW and Y a suggests that the studied fields experienced some degree of source (i.e., R S ) limitation, which was also evidenced by the positive association of R S and Y a . Although wheat is rarely source limited (Borrás et al, 2004), recent evidence suggests that sink limitation (i.e., kernels per square meter) is prevalent in high-yield environments (?7.8 to 12.7 Mg ha −1 ), but co-limitation by sink and source might occur in low-yielding environments (less than ?7.0 Mg ha −1 ) where the crop has a reduced chance to capitalize on more kernels per square meter (Lynch et al, 2017;Quintero et al, 2018). Higher T max during the vegetative period in high-yielding fields likely allowed for an earlier spring maturity, allowing the crop to develop before the onset of unfavorable moisture and temperature conditions (Paulsen and Heyne, 1983).…”

UAV and Ground Image-Based Phenotyping: A Proof of Concept with Durum Wheat

“…Moreover, there wasn't any significant effect from platform proximity (distance between the sensor and crop canopy) on the vegetation indexes, and both ground and aerial measurements performed similarly in assessing yield.2 of 25 principal goal for breeders. Durum wheat is, by extension, the main cereal cultivated on the southern and eastern shores of the Mediterranean Basin and one of the main cereals in southern Europe [4].Yield is a phenotypically complicated trait, not only because of its genetic complexity [5], but also due to the relative magnitude of gene-environment interactions [6,7], and it is one of the most integrative traits influenced by known and unknown factors. Thus, genotype evaluations in multi-environment trials are needed, at least in the advanced (generations) stages of selection.…”

“…Yield is a phenotypically complicated trait, not only because of its genetic complexity [5], but also due to the relative magnitude of gene-environment interactions [6,7], and it is one of the most integrative traits influenced by known and unknown factors. Thus, genotype evaluations in multi-environment trials are needed, at least in the advanced (generations) stages of selection.…”