Trade in Strangers

Wokeck, Marianne S.

doi:10.1515/9780585278889

Cited by 1 publication

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“…Some years later he bought a property in Nienstedten, 11 km west of Hamburg, at the river Elbe, where he built a magnificent house and laid out a garden in the English style. However, in 1753 he was bankrupted, most probably caused by misfortune in his enterprises with emigrants to the British colonies in North America (Wokeck, 2021). In addition, at the same time there was a misfortune in his family.…”

Section: The Diarymentioning

confidence: 99%

Sleep in a 1‐year diary from the mid‐18th century

Schulz,

Dirlich

2023

Journal of Sleep Research

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SummaryA 1‐year systematic diary was kept by an anonymous diarist in Hamburg in the year 1755–1756. Sleep, activities, food intake, urine volume, and meteorological data were documented daily. The systematic recording of sleep and naps, with an accuracy of a quarter of an hour allowed analysis of the placement, duration, and consistency of sleep. The mean (range) night sleep duration was 6 (3–9) h. The distribution of sleep interruptions showed two peaks, short (≤30 min) and long (≥45 min) interruptions. The latter indicted nights with segmented sleep. Time in bed was subject to strong seasonal variations. Bedtime and rise time were earlier in summer than in winter and sleep latency was shorter in summer than in winter. However, sleep duration displayed a large spread in all seasons and did not differ substantially between summer and winter. Seasonal variations of sleep timing were related to the varying daylight hours during the year. Finally, the results of this individual case may prompt a more detailed investigation of the variability of sleep behaviour in the pre‐industrial period.

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Section: The Diarymentioning

confidence: 99%