Tracking the fungus‐assisted biocorrosion of lead metal by Raman imaging and scanning electron microscopy technique

Abstract

Fungi play a significant role in biological corrosion of metal materials. We studied the biocorrosion of lead foils under incubation of Aspergillus niger (A. niger). Multiple techniques, for example, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFT), and Raman imaging and scanning electron microscopy (RISE), were applied in this study. SEM confirmed the normal growth of the fungus on Pb foil surface, either above or under the solid medium surface. In addition, SEM‐energy dispersive spectrometer confirmed the formation of the secondary Pb mineral particles after incubation, which had variable morphologies. DRIFT was able to show changes of compounds formed on the surface of Pb foils. However, it cannot exactly identify the mineral phase. RISE technology offered both morphological and spectral information of the formed Pb mineral. Three dominant Raman peaks at ~1,440, ~1,480, and ~1,590 cm−1 indicated that the secondary mineral was lead oxalate. Raman mapping further demonstrated the distribution of Pb oxalate architecture. This study first applied RISE to investigate the biocorrosion of metals by fungi.

Analytical Characterisation of Material Corrosion by Biofilms

“…SEM is a technique that is paramount and routine in determining biofouling and biocorrosion on a substratum. SEM has been used in many scientific papers and has become a susceptible and highly effective technique in identification, analysis, and characterisation [81][82][83][84][85][86][87][88][89][90][91][92][93]. For examples, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and AFM were used to characterise the dimensional morphology of the SS after pitting [94].…”

Applying Pb2+ to probe the dissolution of carbonated hydroxylapatite by Enterobacter sp.: A new insight into the bioerosion of tooth mineral

“…The laser power was set to 3 mW, and each point performed 30 × 4 s scans. The RISE technique allows collecting SEM imaging and Raman signals on exactly the same area 39. Smoothing and normalization of the Raman spectra were performed by using WITec Project 5 software.…”