Tracking of nutrient intakes in adolescence: the experiences of the Young Hearts Project, Northern Ireland

Robson, PJ; Gallagher, Alison M.; Livingstone, M. B. E.; Cran, GW; Strain, JJ; Savage, J. M.; Boreham, Cag

doi:10.1017/s0007114500001859

Cited by 34 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…In relation to nutrient intakes, the poor tracking between 15 and 22 years revealed in this study reflects previous findings in this cohort between 12 and 15 years [20]. This suggests that individual dietary patterns exhibited at 15 years are unlikely to be predictive of dietary intakes at young adulthood.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

“…Owing to the fact that different techniques were used to measure physical activity and aerobic fitness at each timepoint, a method based on ranks, rather than actual measurements, was employed for assessing the tracking of these variables. Tracking of the other variables was also assessed using the rank based method because of its relative simplicity, and its ability to show the numbers of subjects making the transition between low, medium and high categories [20]. For example, in order to study the tracking of physical activity in females from age 15y to young adulthood, the group of 225 girls aged 15y was divided into three classes by physical activity score: lowest 25% (L1); middle 50% (M1); highest 25% (H1).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Boreham

Robson

Gallagher

et al. 2004

Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act

103

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BackgroundThe assumption that lifestyles formed early in life track into adulthood has been used to justify the targeting of health promotion programmes towards children and adolescents. The aim of the current study was to use data from the Northern Ireland Young Hearts Project to ascertain the extent of tracking, between adolescence and young adulthood, of physical activity, aerobic fitness, selected anthropometric variables, and diet.MethodsMales (n 245) and females (n 231) were assessed at age 15 y, and again in young adulthood [mean (SD) age 22 (1.6) y]. At both timepoints, height, weight and skinfold thicknesses were measured, and physical activity and diet were assessed by questionnaire and diet history method respectively. At 15y, fitness was assessed using the 20 metre shuttle run, while at young adulthood, the PWC170 cycle ergometer test was used. For each measurement made at 15y, subjects were ranked into 'low' (L1; lowest 25%), 'medium' (M1; middle 50%) or 'high' (H1; highest 25%) categories. At young adulthood, similar categories (L2, M2, H2) were created. The extent of tracking of each variable over time was calculated using 3 × 3 matrices constructed using these two sets of categories, and summarised using kappa (κ) statistics.ResultsTracking of diet and fitness was poor (κ ≤ 0.20) in both sexes, indicating substantial drift of subjects between the low, medium and high categories over time. The tracking of physical activity in males was fair (κ 0.202), but was poor in females (κ 0.021). In contrast, anthropometric variables such as weight, body mass index and sum of skinfolds tracked more strongly in females (κ 0.540, κ 0.307, κ 0.357 respectively) than in males (κ 0.337, κ 0.199, κ 0.216 respectively).ConclusionsThe poor tracking of fitness and diet in both sexes, and physical activity in females, suggests that these aspects of adolescent lifestyle are unlikely to be predictive of behaviours in young adulthood. In contrast, the fair to moderate tracking of anthropometric variables, particularly in females, suggests that attempts to reduce the ever increasing incidence of overweight and obesity in adults, should probably begin in earlier life.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Untitled

Boreham

Robson

Gallagher

et al. 2004

Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act

103

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“…Fruit and vegetable intakes were reported to have low to moderate tracking during elementary school [27] but showed stability from adolescence into adulthood [23]. Nutrient intakes were found to track during early and middle childhood [24-26] and during young adulthood [31] but not during adolescence [32,33]. Food choices, however, were found to track during adolescence [34] and from childhood to young adulthood [35].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mannino

Lee

Mitchell

et al. 2004

Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act

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BackgroundFood group intakes by US children are below recommendations and micronutrient inadequacies have been reported. There are few longitudinal data that focus on developmental changes in food and nutrient intake from early to middle childhood. We examined changes in nutrient and food group intakes over time and the tracking of intakes across middle childhood in a longitudinal sample of girls.MethodsThree multiple-pass 24-hour diet recalls were conducted in a sample of 181 non-Hispanic White girls at ages 5, 7, and 9 years. Food and nutrient data were averaged across 3 days. Analyses of time effects were conducted using repeated measures analysis of variance and tracking of intakes was assessed via rank analysis.ResultsWe found significant decreases in nutrient densities (intakes per 1000 kcal) of vitamins C and D, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium and zinc at age 9. Girls maintained their relative quartile positions for these micronutrients from ages 5–9. Analysis of food group data showed similar trends. At age 9, significantly fewer girls were meeting the recommendations for dairy, fruit and vegetable servings than at age 5 and girls also tended to remain in their respective quartiles over time, especially for fruit and dairy intakes.ConclusionsThese results highlight the importance of developing healthy eating practices during early childhood when caretakers have considerable control over children's food intake.

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“…Epidemiologic studies show that chronic diseases have their origin during infancy and childhood and progress into adulthood [121][122][123][124][125][126][127][128][129][130]. Accordingly, the adoption of healthier eating lifestyles in early childhood may help prevent development of chronic diseases later in life.…”

Section: Tracking Of Calcium Intake and Dairy Product Consumptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Accordingly, the adoption of healthier eating lifestyles in early childhood may help prevent development of chronic diseases later in life. Previous studies of dietary tracking or consistency of diet have focused primarily on nutrients [122][123][124][125][126], food preferences [127] and more recently on intakes of fruit and vegetables and sugary foods [128]. There is an indication that consistency occurs in the diets of children [129], but intake may vary depending on the selected nutrient or food groups consumed [129].…”

Section: Tracking Of Calcium Intake and Dairy Product Consumptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calcium Intake Trends and Health Consequences from Childhood through Adulthood

Nicklas

2003

Journal of the American College of Nutrition

144

105

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Issues involving low calcium intake and dairy product consumption are currently the focus of much debate and discussion at both the scientific and lay community levels. In this review, we examine the following major areas of interest: (1). the role of calcium intake and dairy product consumption in chronic diseases, (2). nutritional qualities of milk and other dairy products, (3). trends in calcium intake and dairy product consumption, (4). current status of calcium intakes and dairy product consumption in children, (5). tracking of calcium intake and diary product consumption, (6). the impact of school meal participation on calcium intake and dairy product consumption, (7). concerns related to calcium-fortified foods and beverages and (8). factors influencing children's milk consumption. To date, the findings indicate that calcium intake and dairy product consumption have beneficial roles in a variety of chronic diseases; dairy products provide an abundant source of vitamins and minerals; calcium intakes of children have increased over time, yet intakes are not meeting the current adequate intake (AI) calcium recommendations; dairy consumption has decreased, and soft drink consumption and, possibly, consumption of calcium-fortified products have increased; consumption of dairy products have a positive nutritional impact on diets of children, particularly from school meals, and there are many factors which influence children's milk consumption, all of which need to be considered in our efforts to promote adequate calcium intakes by children. Based on this review, areas that need immediate attention and future research imperatives are summarized in an effort to further our understanding on what we already know and what we need to know to promote healthier eating habits early in life.

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Tracking of nutrient intakes in adolescence: the experiences of the Young Hearts Project, Northern Ireland

Cited by 34 publications

References 27 publications

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Calcium Intake Trends and Health Consequences from Childhood through Adulthood

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