Tracking of abdominal subcutaneous and preperitoneal fat mass during childhood. The Generation R Study

Vogelezang, Suzanne; Gishti, Olta; Felix, Janine F.; Beek, Eline M. van der; Abrahamse‐Berkeveld, Marieke; Hofman, Albert; Gaillard, Romy; Jaddoe, Vincent W. V.

doi:10.1038/ijo.2015.252

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…They observed that a larger area of subcutaneous fat was already present in 2-year-old girls, and that preperitoneal fat area was considerably larger in girls at 6, but not at 2 years. 20 Our data confirm these results, suggesting that sex-differential adipose tissue expansion develops very early in childhood. In contrast, higher volumes of visceral fat, measured by US, has been observed in boys compared to girls at 12 months (n = 258 boys, n = 237 girls; P = 0.04), but not at 3 months (n = 254 boys, n = 233 girls; P = 0.9), while subcutaneous volumes did not differ significantly at both time points.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…However, we observed a significantly higher ratio in boys for the first time at 3 years of age, and others have seen this pattern appear between 2 and 7 years of age, which suggests more AT deposited intraabdominally. 17,20,35 Research indicates that the shift in visceral fat most likely emerges during the pubertal/early postpubertal period, with sexual maturation and hormone secretion as important determinants for this change. Longitudinal studies in early childhood could elucidate our understanding of the differences in growth patterns of subcutaneous and preperitoneal/intraabdominal fat development between boys and girls.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…13,18,19 In 2016, Vogelezang et al provided US data from 2-to 6-year olds, to investigate the degree of tracking of abdominal fat from 2 to 6 years of age. 20 However, research has mainly focused on cross-sectional analysis of body fat. To date, there is paucity of longitudinal sonographic data on abdominal AT development and distribution in preschool age.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Longitudinal sonographic assessment of abdominal fat distribution from 2 to 5 years of age

et al. 2018

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Longitudinal sonographic assessment of abdominal fat distribution from 2 to 5 years of age

et al. 2018

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“…However, the associations were not significant, probably due to smaller numbers. It has been previously shown that body composition phenotypes track and are associated with poorer outcomes in later life (Hall, Crook, Jones, Wofford, & Dubbert, ; Vogelezang et al, ). Therefore, the observed subclinical differences in body composition in childhood may be related to adverse outcomes in later life.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Associations of maternal and fetal vitamin D status with childhood body composition and cardiovascular risk factors

Miliku

Felix

Voortman

et al. 2018

Maternal & Child Nutrition

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Maternal vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy may have persistent adverse effects on childhood growth and development. We examined whether 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations during pregnancy and at cord blood were associated with childhood body composition and cardiovascular outcomes. This study was embedded in a population-based prospective cohort in Rotterdam, The Netherlands, among 4,903 mothers and their offspring. We measured 25(OH)D concentrations at a median gestational age of 20.4 weeks (95% range 18.5-23.4 weeks) and at birth (40.1 weeks [95% range 35.8-42.3 weeks]). 25(OH)D concentrations were categorized into severely deficient (<25.0 nmol/L); deficient (25.0 to 49.9 nmol/L); sufficient (50.0 to 74.9 nmol/L) and optimal (≥75.0 nmol/L). At 6 years, we measured childhood body mass index; fat and lean mass by Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry; blood pressure; and serum cholesterol, triglycerides, and insulin concentrations. Compared with children from mothers with optimal 25(OH)D concentrations (≥75.0 nmol/L), those of severely deficient vitamin D (<25.0 nmol/L) mothers had a 0.12 standard deviation score (SDS); (95% Confidence Interval (CI) [0.03, 0.21]) higher fat mass percentage and a 0.13 SDS (95% CI [−0.22, −0.04]) lower lean mass percentage. These associations remained after adjustment for current child vitamin D status. Maternal and cord blood 25(OH)D concentrations were not associated with cardiovascular risk factors in childhood. In conclusion, severe maternal 25(OH)D deficiency (<25.0 nmol/L) duringpregnancy is associated with an adverse childhood body composition profile, but we did not observe evidence for an association with childhood cardiovascular risk factors.Further studies are needed to replicate our findings, to examine the underlying mechanisms, the causality of the associations, and the potential for public health interventions.

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“…To compare the variations and risk of AO, little information is available for this age group in Spain or in other countries. Vogelezang et al 34 found that the persistence of AO was very high at early ages. A recent study by Ochiai et al 37 estimated that half of the children classi ed with AO remained in the same category in adolescence.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tracking of General and Abdominal Obesity in Children Between 4 and 9 Years of Age: The Longitudinal Childhood Obesity Study (ELOIN)

Ortiz-Marrón¹,

Ortiz-Pinto²,

Martínez-Mosquera³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background A relationship between obesity early life has been reported. The aim of this study was to evaluate the variations in general (GO) and abdominal (AO) obesity between 4 and 9 years of age. Methods Children who participated in all three follow-ups at 4, 6 and 9 years participating in ELOIN study (N = 1902). Measurements of BMI and waist circumference were taken by physical examination. Prevalence ratios (PRs) were estimated by sex and family affluence by generalized estimation equation models, and the relative risks (RRs) of obesity by Poisson regression. Results The prevalence of GO was 5.1%, 9.1%, and 15.6% at 4, 6, and 9 years, yielding a PR between 9 − 4 years of 3.05 (95%CI: 2.58–3.60). The prevalence of AO was 6.8%, 8.4%, 14.5%, and the PR (9 vs 4y) was 2.14 (95%CI: 1.85–2.48). GO and AO presented an inverse correlation with family affluence. Among participants who were in GO or AO at 4 years, 77.3% and 63.6% remained in obesity after 5 years. The RRs of GO and AO at 9 years were 4.6 and 4.1 if they were obese at 4 years (p < 0.001), which increased to 9.4 and 9.5 in children obese at 6 years (p < 0.001), and those with obesity at both 4–6 years had RRs of 10.3 and 9.9 (p < 0.001). Conclusions GO and AO begin at early age, persist with age and linked with low socioeconomic status. Obesity at 9 years is associated with early obesity, either stably or intermittently, so preventive interventions should be established very early.

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Tracking of abdominal subcutaneous and preperitoneal fat mass during childhood. The Generation R Study

Abstract: Our findings suggest that both abdominal subcutaneous and preperitoneal fat mass measures track during childhood, but with stronger tracking for abdominal subcutaneous fat measures. An adverse abdominal fat distribution in early life may have long-term consequences.

Cited by 12 publications

References 52 publications

Longitudinal sonographic assessment of abdominal fat distribution from 2 to 5 years of age

Longitudinal sonographic assessment of abdominal fat distribution from 2 to 5 years of age

Associations of maternal and fetal vitamin D status with childhood body composition and cardiovascular risk factors

Tracking of General and Abdominal Obesity in Children Between 4 and 9 Years of Age: The Longitudinal Childhood Obesity Study (ELOIN)

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