Tracking mitochondrial pH fluctuation during cell apoptosis with two-photon phosphorescent iridium(iii) complexes

Abstract

Two iridium(iii) complexes with ligands containing morpholine groups were used to track mitochondrial pH fluctuation during cell apoptosis as their emissive intensities linearly increased with increase in pH values.

Monitorable Mitochondria-Targeting DNAtrain for Image-Guided Synergistic Cancer Therapy

“…Mitochondria have been long recognized as an ideal subcellular target for cancer therapy. − More importantly, mitochondria are susceptible to generate excessive ROS (e.g., singlet oxygen and free radicals), which has inspired the design of photosensitizers with mitochondria-targeting ability for enhanced photodynamic therapy. − Considerable efforts have recently been dedicated to synergistically amplify the therapeutic effects of chemo-drugs. , A variety of cationic organic fluorescent dyes have been developed to target mitochondria. − Notably, some of them can differentiate between normal and cancers cells on the basis of the differences in mitochondrial quantity and membrane potential . Recently, a group of NIRF (Near Infra-Red Fluorescence) heptamethine cyanine dyes, which could preferentially accumulate in the mitochondria of tumor cells, has emerged as more promising tools for cancer imaging and targeted therapy. − Moreover, mitochondria-specific nanosystems have been developed for tumor-targeted delivery and synergistically amplified therapy. − …”

Cyclometalated Iridium (III) complexes: Recent advances in phosphorescence bioimaging and sensing applications

“…A recent development in this regard has been reported by Alam et al ., by designing two new biscyclometalated Ir (III) complexes 72–73 in which 73 was proved to be nontoxic bioimaging probe for mitochondrial staining as shown in (Scheme D). The mitochondrial detection and imaging has also been investigated worldwide for the last five years …”

A Cyclometalated IrIII Complex as a Lysosome‐Targeted Photodynamic Therapeutic Agent for Integrated Imaging and Therapy in Cancer Cells

“…The phosphorescence intensity of Ir-Bp-Ly in acetonitrilew as increased upon purging the solution (c = 10 mm) with argon, which suggestst hat the presenceo fd issolvedm olecular oxygen favors triplet energy transfer ( Figure S5). [12] The ab-Scheme1.Synthesis of Ir-Bp-Ly. The small change in phosphorescence intensity at pH 4i sd ue to electron transfer to morpholine at lower pH, as recently demonstrated by Chao andc o-workers.…”