Tracking area loss of China’s Nature Reserves from 2003 to 2015

Huang, Yongguang; Zhao, Hang; Ma, Guoqiang; Li, Jing; Ling, Chen

doi:10.1016/j.gecco.2020.e01224

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…(3) Nature reserves are the areas with the most stringent protection [78], and their designation as spatial policy restriction conversion areas for future land use simulations is scientifically sound. However, due to the influence of resource extraction and development, the streamlining and downgrading of protected areas can lead to changes in the land types of nature reserves [79]. Determining the type of restricted area (e.g., those with ecological protection redline restriction, prohibited development zone restrictions, and permanent basic cultivated area restrictions) that can be more objectively used as a nonpermitted land conversion area to simulate future land types requires further research.…”

Section: Limitations and Uncertaintiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial-Temporal Variations and Trade-Offs of Ecosystem Services in Anhui Province, China

Yang

Zhang

Qiu

et al. 2023

IJERPH

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Research on the spatiotemporal evolution and trade-offs of ecosystem services (ESs) is important for optimizing the ecological security barrier system and promoting coordinated socio-economic development. Natural factors, e.g., climate change, and human factors, e.g., unreasonable land use, have impacted and damaged ecosystem structure and function, leading to challenges with ES trade-offs and the spatial identification of priority protected areas. Here, the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of five ESs (water yield, nitrogen export, soil retention, carbon storage, and habitat quality) in Anhui Province, China, from 2000–2020 were analyzed based on the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Trade-offs (InVEST) model. The trade-offs and spatial patterns among different ESs were explored using Pearson correlation and hotspot analyses; the dynamics of natural growth, cultivated land protection, and ecological protection scenarios for ESs in 2030 were simulated and analyzed by coupling InVEST with the patch-generating land use simulation (PLUS) model. The results reveal the following. (1) From 2000–2020, increases in water yield and soil retention occurred, with concurrent declines in the other services; the total nitrogen high-value area was mainly concentrated in the plain, with the other services’ high-value areas mainly concentrated in the Dabieshan and Southern Anhui Mountains, with each ES showing similar spatial distributions across years. (2) The ESs were mainly synergistic, with trade-offs mainly between nitrogen export and other services. (3) Hotspot overlap between water yield and the other ESs was relatively low; no more than 6.53% of ecosystems per unit area provided five ESs simultaneously. (4) Other than water yield, the ecological protection scenario was more conducive to improving ecosystem functions. This study’s results indicate inadequate synergy among ESs in Anhui Province; competition among land types must be further balanced in the future. This study provides a basic reference for implementing ecological projects and constructing ecological security patterns.

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Section: Limitations and Uncertaintiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial-Temporal Variations and Trade-Offs of Ecosystem Services in Anhui Province, China

Yang

Zhang

Qiu

et al. 2023

IJERPH

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“…The forest ecology protection type (FEP) NNRs, such as Inner Mongolia Qingshan and Inner Mongolia Helan Mountain, had the highest effectiveness scores but some FEP NNRs also had the lowest effectiveness scores. The possible cause for this might be due to the well-known phenomenon of PA downsizing, degazettement, and downgrading (PADDD), where forest NRs were mostly downsized from 2003 to 2015 according to previous studies [62], which may have decreased management efforts. The desert ecology protection NNRs (DEP) had high effectiveness scores, possibly due to greening efforts, because our results showed that among all reserves, the DEP NNRs had statistically higher NDVI slopes than other types of NNRs (see Table 5).…”

Section: Effects Of National Nature Reserves On Grasslandsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The wildlife vegetation protection (WVP) NNR type has the lowest NDVI slope within the NNRs but still has a high NDVI cv value (see Tables 5 and 6), suggesting that the WVP NNR might be the most at-risk NNR with slow greening but high disturbance. As the "Green Shield" special action was carried out by the central government of China starting in 2017 [62], the high disturbance around the WVP NNR was found to possibly relate to the intensity of human activity, such as the large amount of development and construction present around the NNR [76]. Notably, Helianthemum songaricum, a living plant fossil, that is concentrated solely in the desert steppe in the West Ordos region of Inner Mongolia and the Yili Valley of Xinjiang Province [77,78], has been suffering habitat fragmentation due to disturbance from human activity [77].…”

Section: Necessity Regarding the Imar Nnr Effectiveness Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Grassland Conservation Effectiveness of National Nature Reserves in Northern China

Zhao

et al. 2022

Remote Sensing

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Grasslands are crucial ecosystem biomes for breeding livestock and combatting climate change. By 2018, the national nature reserves (NNRs) in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region (IMAR) had constituted 8.55% of the land area. However, there is still a knowledge gap about their effectiveness in grasslands. Based on a multiyear time series of the growing season composite from 2000 to 2020, we proposed an effectiveness score to assess the effectiveness of the NNRs, using the 250 m MOD13Q1 NDVI data with Theil–Sen and Mann–Kendall trend analysis methods. We found the following: 22 of 30 NNRs were deemed effective in protecting the Inner Mongolian grasslands. The NNRs increased pixels with a sustainable trend 19.26% and 20.55% higher than the unprotected areas and the IMAR, respectively. The pixels with a CVNDVI < 0.1 (i.e., NDVI coefficient of variation) in the NNRs increased >35.22% more than those in the unprotected areas and the IMAR. The NDVI changes within the NNRs showed that 63.64% of NNRs had a more significant trend of greening than before the change point, which suggests a general greening in NNRs. We also found that the NNRs achieved heterogeneous effectiveness scores across protection types. Forest ecology protection and wildlife animal protection types are the most efficient, whereas wildlife vegetation protection is the least effective type. This study enriches the understanding of grassland conservation and sheds light on the future direction of the sustainable management of NNRs.

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Roadless areas as an effective strategy for protected area expansion: Evidence from China

Chen,

Di Marco,

et al. 2024

One Earth

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Tracking area loss of China’s Nature Reserves from 2003 to 2015

Cited by 3 publications

References 36 publications

Spatial-Temporal Variations and Trade-Offs of Ecosystem Services in Anhui Province, China

Spatial-Temporal Variations and Trade-Offs of Ecosystem Services in Anhui Province, China

Grassland Conservation Effectiveness of National Nature Reserves in Northern China

Roadless areas as an effective strategy for protected area expansion: Evidence from China

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