Tracking and risk of abdominal obesity in the adolescence period in children aged 7–15. The cracow longitudinal growth study

Abstract

The risk of abdominal obesity was indicated already at 7 in boys and girls. Continuation of the abdominal fat distribution confirmed in about 60% acknowledges that the type of fat distribution seems to be determined as early as in the 7-year-olds.

Childhood obesity affects adult metabolic syndrome and diabetes

“…Some study suggested that the type of fat distribution seems to be determined in early childhood [5]. Our results were consistent with that from the previous studies, which suggested a close tracking of body build as well as fat mass from childhood to adulthood [2,3,20,21].…”

“…Overweight and obesity have been observed to track from childhood, through adolescence into adulthood [2,3]. There are some longitudinal studies of obesity tracking, but most have limited length of follow-up [3][4][5]. Childhood obesity is often accompanied with cardiovascular risk factors in children [6], and is also associated with hypertension and even premature mortality in adults [7,8].…”

Lifestyle Factors Affecting Abdominal Obesity in Children and Adolescents: Risks and Benefits

“…However, the risk of abdominal obesity could be signaled at the age of at least 7 years: it was found that over 62% of boys and 51% girls with abdominal distribution of body fat at age 7 years remain in the same category of adiposity throughout adolescence [193]. Other longterm studies also showed that each additional year of abdominal obesity was associated with a 4% higher risk of developing diabetes [194].…”

Menstrual Cycle Alterations during Adolescence: Early Expression of Metabolic Syndrome and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

“…1 These alterations are accompanied by the redistribution of body fat and weight gain, triggered by changes in hormonal appetite regulation and feeling of fullness, which seem necessary for the physiological development of height and reproductive capacity. 2,3 However, excessive weight gain during adolescence, particularly the build-up of intra-abdominal fat, is linked to metabolic syndrome (MS), which is a condition defined by different criteria, clustering together assorted parameters related to higher cardiovascular risks. Although traditionally noted among adults, reports of MS among adolescents, particularly obese adolescents, have become more frequent over the past decade, regardless of the definition criteria used.…”