Tracking an oil slick from multiple natural sources, Coal Oil Point, California

State of the art satellite and airborne marine oil spill remote sensing: Application to the BP Deepwater Horizon oil spill

“…Volatilization causes physical and chemical evolution of sheens and thin oil slicks on hour to day timescales (Leifer et al, 2006) with the process evolving even more slowly for thicker slicks, particularly if the upper surface develops a waxy crust (Ross & Buist, 1995). In the presence of turbulence from winds, wave breaking, or human activities, oil forms emulsions-oil/water mixtures with significantly higher viscosity and distinct physical properties (ASCE, 1996).…”

“…In the presence of turbulence from winds, wave breaking, or human activities, oil forms emulsions-oil/water mixtures with significantly higher viscosity and distinct physical properties (ASCE, 1996). Where fresh oil surfaces among weathered oil, the two oils tend not to mix, leading to small-scale heterogeneity (Leifer et al, 2006).…”

“…Currents and winds advect oil in a weighted vector sum direction (Leifer et al, 2006). For example, wind creates turbulence that increases emulsification, while dissolution is affected by water-side turbulence from wind stress, waves, and wave breaking.…”

Bubble Transport Mechanism: Indications for a gas bubble-mediated inoculation of benthic methanotrophs into the water column

“…Some emission sites are constant, others eruptive. A further dimension of complexity is the oiliness of most vents, leading to persistent and extensive sea surface oil slicks (Leifer et al, 2006).…”

Modelling of oil spill frequency, leak sources and contamination probability in the Caspian Sea using multi-temporal SAR images 2006–2010 and stochastic modelling

“…The oil slick detection and mapping were often used for the hydrocarbon exploration activities and emergency response to oil spill incidents in the world places such as Gulf of Mexico (Friedman et al 2002) and South Caspian Sea (Ivanov & Vostokov et al 2004; *Corresponding author. Email: emil.bayramov@yahoo.com Ivanov & Fang et al 2004;Zatyagalova et al 2007;Ivanov & Zatyagalova, 2008;Ivanov et al 2012), Australian Shelf (O'Brein et al 2005) and Santa Barbara Channel, California (Leifer et al 2006). Oil spill satellite detection was also used during the Lebanese oil spill pollution crisis (Coppini et al 2011) during the hostilities between Israel and Lebanon back in 2006, as well for routine monitoring of illegal oil slicks from maritime traffic (Zodiatis et al 2012).…”