Tracing the origins of centrioles, cilia, and flagella

Carvalho-Santos, Zita; Azimzadeh, Juliette; Pereira-Leal, José B.; Bettencourt-Dias, Mónica

doi:10.1083/jcb.2010111521952c

Cited by 65 publications

(89 citation statements)

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“…The occurrence of cilia within all major eukaryotic clades and the evolutionary conservation of core ciliary proteins, indicate that the last eukaryotic common ancestor had a structurally sophisticated motile, and probably sensory, cilium that largely resembled that of extant eukaryotes [13,14]. The most prominent part of the cilium is the axoneme, which is comprised of nine peripheral microtubule doublets surrounding a central pair-the so-called 9 2 arrangement-in most motile cilia, with the central pair usually lacking in non-motile (primary) cilia-the 9 0 arrangement ( Fig 1A; see [15] for treatment of cilium ultrastructure).…”

Section: Evolutionarily Conserved Basal Body-ciliary Structuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

The base of the cilium: roles for transition fibres and the transition zone in ciliary formation, maintenance and compartmentalization

2012

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Both the basal body and the microtubule-based axoneme it nucleates have evolutionarily conserved subdomains crucial for cilium bio genesis, function and maintenance. Here, we focus on two conspicuous but underappreciated regions of these structures that make membrane connections. One is the basal body distal end, which includes transition fibres of largely undefined composition that link to the base of the ciliary membrane. Transition fibres seem to serve as docking sites for intraflagellar transport particles, which move proteins within the ciliary compartment and are required for cilium biogenesis and sustained function. The other is the proximal-most region of the axoneme, termed the transition zone, which is characterized by Y-shaped linkers that span from the axoneme to the ciliary necklace on the membrane surface. The transition zone comprises a growing number of cilio pathy proteins that function as modular components of a ciliary gate. This gate, which forms early during ciliogenesis, might function in part by regulating intraflagellar transport. Together with a recently described septin ring diffusion barrier at the ciliary base, the transition fibres and transition zone deserve attention for their varied roles in forming functional ciliary compartments.

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Section: Evolutionarily Conserved Basal Body-ciliary Structuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

The base of the cilium: roles for transition fibres and the transition zone in ciliary formation, maintenance and compartmentalization

2012

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“…Centrioles evolved early in the history of eukaryotes and with a few exceptions are found in all major eukaryote clades (Azimzadeh & Bornens, 2005;Debec et al, 2010;Hodges et al, 2010;Carvalho-Santos et al, 2011). Centrosomes evolved much later and are restricted to animals and some fungi, where they serve as the microtubules-organizing centre of dividing cells (Hodges et al, 2010;Carvalho-Santos et al, 2011). Other eukaryotes do have microtubule-organizing centres, but these lack centrioles (Azimzadeh & Bornens, 2005).…”

Section: Ultraconserved Yet Dispensablementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sperm function and motility have previously been shown to be correlated with axoneme structure across invertebrates (Carvalho-Santos et al, 2011). PGE imposes unique selection on the mature sperm and its axoneme: under PGE, some eggs are destined to be male and thus to eliminate the genome of any sperm entering them (Normark, 2009;Shuker et al, 2009;Featherston et al, 2013).…”

Section: Ultraconserved Yet Dispensablementioning

confidence: 99%

Evolutionary problems in centrosome and centriole biology

Ross

Normark

2015

J of Evolutionary Biology

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Centrosomes have been an enigma to evolutionary biologists. Either they have been the subject of ill‐founded speculation or they have been ignored. Here, we highlight evolutionary paradoxes and problems of centrosome and centriole evolution and seek to understand them in the light of recent advances in centrosome biology. Most evolutionary accounts of centrosome evolution have been based on the hypothesis that centrosomes are replicators, independent of the nucleus and cytoplasm. It is now clear, however, that this hypothesis is not tenable. Instead, centrosomes are formed de novo each cell division, with the presence of an old centrosome regulating, but not essential for, the assembly of a new one. Centrosomes are the microtubule‐organizing centres of cells. They can potentially affect sensory and motor characters (as the basal body of cilia), as well as the movements of chromosomes during cell division. This latter role does not seem essential, however, except in male meiosis, and the reasons for this remain unclear. Although the centrosome is absent in some taxa, when it is present, its structure is extraordinarily conserved: in most taxa across eukaryotes, it does not appear to evolve at all. And yet a few insect groups display spectacular hypertrophy of the centrioles. We discuss how this might relate to the unusual reproductive system found in these insects. Finally, we discuss why the fate of centrosomes in sperm and early embryos might differ between different groups of animals.

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“…Because examples of motile cilia are found in extant species of all the major eukaryotic lineages, and overall cilia morphology is highly conserved both within and between lineages, it is widely believed that the LECA also possessed a motile cilium (Cavalier-Smith, 1978;Luck, 1984;reviewed in Satir & Christensen, 2007). Based on comparative analyses of ciliary structure and function across a range of eukaryotes, it is further hypothesized that cilia of the LECA could perform both motility and sensory functions (Cavalier-Smith, 1978;Hodges et al, 2010;Pereira-Leal et al, 2010;Carvalho-Santos et al, 2011;. Notably, the restricted distribution of immotile cilia within specific phylogenetic clades, such as in the evolutionary distant metazoa and centric diatoms (Jensen et al, 2003), implies that nonmotile cilia evolved from motile ancestors on independent occasions.…”

Section: Diversity Of Cilia Form and Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The evolution of land plant cilia

et al. 2012

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SummaryEukaryotic cilia ⁄ flagella are ancient organelles with motility and sensory functions. Cilia display significant ultrastructural conservation where present across the eukaryotic phylogeny; however, diversity in ciliary biology exists and the ability to produce cilia has been lost independently on a number of occasions. Land plants provide an excellent system for the investigation of cilia evolution and loss across a broad phylogeny, because early divergent land plant lineages produce cilia, whereas most seed plants do not. This review highlights the differences in cilia form and function across land plants and discusses how recent advances in genomics are providing novel insights into the evolutionary trajectory of ciliary proteins. We propose a renewed effort to adopt ciliated land plants as models to investigate the mechanisms underpinning complex ciliary processes, such as number control, the coordination of basal body placement and the regulation of beat patterns.

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Tracing the origins of centrioles, cilia, and flagella

Cited by 65 publications

References 0 publications

The base of the cilium: roles for transition fibres and the transition zone in ciliary formation, maintenance and compartmentalization

The base of the cilium: roles for transition fibres and the transition zone in ciliary formation, maintenance and compartmentalization

Evolutionary problems in centrosome and centriole biology

The evolution of land plant cilia

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