Tracing the Evolution of the Angiosperm Genome from the Cytogenetic Point of View

Borowska-Zuchowska, Natalia; Senderowicz, Magdalena; Trunova, Dana; Kolano, Bożena

doi:10.3390/plants11060784

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 261 publications

(383 reference statements)

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“…Comparative cytogenetic studies among species of certain taxa using markers such as ribosomal rDNA loci, tandem repeats, and/or bacterial artificial chromosomes are common in plant research and have been proven to provide valuable insights into karyotype evolution while allowing capture of chromosomal rearrangements [ 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 ]. In legumes, comparative cytogenetic and cytogenomic karyotype analyses have been published for several taxa, including Phaseolus [ 49 ], Medicago and allied genera [ 56 ], Senna [ 57 , 58 ], Arachis [ 59 ], Canavalia [ 60 ], Lupinus [ 61 ], and Pisum [ 62 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the Origin and Evolution of Polyploid Trifolium medium L. Karyotype by Comparative Cytogenomic Methods

Lukjanová

Hanulíková

Řepková

2023

Plants

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Trifolium medium L. is a wild polyploid relative of the agriculturally important red clover that possesses traits promising for breeding purposes. To date, T. medium also remains the only clover species with which agriculturally important red clover has successfully been hybridized. Even though allopolyploid origin has previously been suggested, little has in fact been known about the T. medium karyotype and its origin. We researched T. medium and related karyotypes using comparative cytogenomic methods, such as fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) and RepeatExplorer cluster analysis. The results indicate an exceptional karyotype diversity regarding numbers and mutual positions of 5S and 26S rDNA loci and centromeric repeats in populations of T. medium ecotypes and varieties. The observed variability among T. medium ecotypes and varieties suggests current karyotype instability that can be attributed to ever-ongoing battle between satellite DNA together with genomic changes and rearrangements enhanced by post-hybridization events. Comparative cytogenomic analyses of a T. medium hexaploid variety and diploid relatives revealed stable karyotypes with a possible case of chromosomal rearrangement. Moreover, the results provided evidence of T. medium having autopolyploid origin.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the Origin and Evolution of Polyploid Trifolium medium L. Karyotype by Comparative Cytogenomic Methods

Lukjanová

Hanulíková

Řepková

2023

Plants

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“…Thus in many cases, the polyploidy does not reveal the expected additive patterns of the putative parental taxa. This phenomenon could be observed as the loss, gain or repositioning of rDNA loci [ 11 , 46 , 86 , 87 , 88 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two mechanisms, dysploidy and polyploidy, are responsible for the polymorphisms in chromosome number in most analysed plant genera [ 11 , 12 , 13 ]. No common trends in the evolution of chromosome numbers among analysed taxa were observed; however, polyploidy and descending dysploidy seem to be most often reported [ 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Chromosome Number and rDNA Loci Evolution in Onobrychis (Fabaceae)

Yücel

Betekhtin

Cabi

et al. 2022

IJMS

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The evolution of chromosome number and ribosomal DNA (rDNA) loci number and localisation were studied in Onobrychis Mill. Diploid and tetraploid species, as well as two basic chromosome numbers, x = 7 and x = 8, were observed among analysed taxa. The chromosomal distribution of rDNA loci was presented here for the first time using fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) with 5S and 35S rDNA probes. Onobrychis species showed a high polymorphism in the number and localisation of rDNA loci among diploids, whereas the rDNA loci pattern was very similar in polyploids. Phylogenetic relationships among the species, inferred from nrITS sequences, were used as a framework to reconstruct the patterns of basic chromosome number and rDNA loci evolution. Analysis of the evolution of the basic chromosome numbers allowed the inference of x = 8 as the ancestral number and the descending dysploidy and polyploidisation as the major mechanisms of the chromosome number evolution. Analyses of chromosomal patterns of rRNA gene loci in a phylogenetic context resulted in the reconstruction of one locus of 5S rDNA and one locus of 35S rDNA in the interstitial chromosomal position as the ancestral state in this genus.

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“…It is typically measured in picograms (pg) for mass or as the total number of nucleotides in megabase pairs (Mbp), where 1 pg is equal to 978 Mbp of DNA [42]. The genome size is mainly estimated using two cytogenetic methods: flow cytometry and Feulgen micro-densitometry [49][50][51][52]. Previous studies have shown that the high probability of genetic variation among species occurs due to intra-species changes in the nuclear DNA amount [45].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Nuclear DNA Content and Karyotype of Phaseolus vulgaris L.

Kulaz

Najafi

Tunçtürk

et al. 2022

Genes

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The common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), whose annual production is 26 million tons worldwide, is one of the main sources of protein and is known as one of the most important food sources. In this study, the karyotype variations and the genome size of four common bean genotypes in Turkey were investigated to determine whether the geographic variables in these regions affected the genome size and the karyotype parameters. In addition, it is known that as that the cytological and chromosomal parameters change under the influence of the climatic conditions of each region, appropriate and stable cytological methods for each plant facilitate and enable the determination of the chromosomal structure and the identification of specific chromosomes in the genotypes of the relevant region. Correct and valuable information such as this enables breeders and researchers to determine the correct shape and actual size of chromosomes. The genome size of the genotypes was measured with a flow cytometer, and chromosome analyses were performed with the squash method. For each genotype, the karyotype parameters, such as the number of somatic chromosomes, the Mean Total Chromosome Length (MTCL), the Mean Centromere Index (MCI), and the Mean Arm Ratio (MAR), were measured. The results showed that the highest and the lowest amounts of DNA per nucleus (3.28 pg and 1.49 pg) were observed in the Bitlis and Elaziğ genotypes. In addition, all genotype chromosome numbers were counted to be 2n = 2x = 22. The Mean Total Chromosome Length varied from 15.65 µm in Elaziğ to 34.24 µm in the Bitlis genotype. The Mean Chromosome Length ranged between 1.42 µm and 3.11 µm in the Elaziğ and Bitlis genotypes. The Hakkari and Van genotypes consist of eleven metacentric chromosomes, while the Bitlis and Elaziğ genotypes consist of ten metacentric chromosomes and one sub-metacentric chromosome. However, the Mean Centromere Index and Arm Ratio differed considerably among the genotypes. The highest (46.88) and the lowest (43.18) values of the Mean Centromere Index were observed in the Hakkari and Elaziğ genotypes, respectively. On the other hand, the lowest (1.15) and the highest (1.36) values of the Mean Arm Ratio were obtained in the Bitlis and Elaziğ genotypes, respectively. Eventually, intraspecies variations in genome size and chromosomal parameters were observed, and it was determined that the changes in nuclear DNA content and different chromosomal parameters among the four Phaseolus genotypes from four different regions of Turkey indicate the effect of climate change in the regions on these parameters. Such information in these areas can be used as useful information for the improvement of this plant and breeding programs.

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Tracing the Evolution of the Angiosperm Genome from the Cytogenetic Point of View

Cited by 8 publications

References 261 publications

Investigating the Origin and Evolution of Polyploid Trifolium medium L. Karyotype by Comparative Cytogenomic Methods

Investigating the Origin and Evolution of Polyploid Trifolium medium L. Karyotype by Comparative Cytogenomic Methods

The Chromosome Number and rDNA Loci Evolution in Onobrychis (Fabaceae)

Analysis of Nuclear DNA Content and Karyotype of Phaseolus vulgaris L.

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